Non-equilibrium glass transitions in driven and active matter
Non-equilibrium glass transitions in driven and active matter
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DOI：
10.1038/nphys2592
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Kurchan, Jorge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berthier, Ludovic;Kurchan, Jorge
在稠密流体、聚合物或胶体中广泛研究的玻璃化转变对应于在控制参数（例如温度或压力）的适度变化下平衡输运系数的显著演变。在许多远离平衡态演化的系统中也发现了类似的现象，如驱动颗粒介质、活性物质和生命物质。虽然许多理论竞相描述热平衡下的玻璃化转变，但在远离平衡的地方却知之甚少。在这里，我们解决了一个特定的，但有代表性的，一类玻璃模型在非热驱动力和能量耗散的存在下，动态逮捕可以发生在这些非平衡条件。而过渡的位置取决于具体的驱动机制，玻璃态动力学的重要特征是不敏感的细节，这表明一个有效的热动力学一般出现在长时间尺度的非平衡系统接近动态逮捕。
The glass transition, extensively studied in dense fluids, polymers or colloids, corresponds to a marked evolution of equilibrium transport coefficients on a modest change of control parameter, such as temperature or pressure. A similar phenomenology is found in many systems evolving far from equilibrium, such as driven granular media, active and living matter. Although many theories compete to describe the glass transition at thermal equilibrium, very little is understood far from equilibrium. Here, we solve the dynamics of a specific, yet representative, class of glass models in the presence of non-thermal driving forces and energy dissipation, and show that a dynamic arrest can take place in these non-equilibrium conditions. Whereas the location of the transition depends on the specifics of the driving mechanisms, important features of the glassy dynamics are insensitive to details, suggesting that an effective thermal dynamics generically emerges at long timescales in non-equilibrium systems close to dynamic arrest.