Faunal loss from bushmeat hunting: empirical evidence and policy implications in Bioko island
Faunal loss from bushmeat hunting: empirical evidence and policy implications in Bioko island
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envsci.2007.04.007
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Fa, John E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Albrechtsen, Lise;Macdonald, David W.;Fa, John E.
通过使用诸如销售量下降和价格随时间增长等代理，可以使用丛林肉市场数据来检测狩猎的可持续性。在这里，我们探讨了赤道几内亚比奥科岛马拉博市场的这些代理，比奥科岛是赤道几内亚主要的丛林肉销售中心。我们在1996年3月至1998年10月的两个采样阶段（我们称之为“早期”和“后期”）收集数据，以测试在此期间动物减少的证据。哺乳动物（有蹄类动物、啮齿类动物和灵长类动物）构成了出售的大部分丛林肉。我们的分析证实，在不同的阶段，动物群体的胴体总量和单个群体的胴体体积显著而突然地下降，而不是连续地下降。不同时期市场物种构成存在差异；多样性指数和均匀度在研究后期有所增加。价格与物种体重和胴体状况（胴体是熏制的还是新鲜的）有关。大多数物种的价格在研究后期较高。共有33个地点为市场提供了丛林肉，其中一半以上的记录量来自该岛南部的五个地点。岛上不同地区的丛林肉供应量在不同阶段之间差异很大，在研究的后期阶段，向市场提供动物的地点较少。与北方相比，南方样本中出现了更多的灵长类动物和有蹄类动物，而啮齿类动物较少。我们认为，在短短两年多的时间里，狩猎入侵，特别是在岛屿的南部，可能导致了严重的动物损失。其他作者收集的后续数据也表明，20世纪90年代中后期的狩猎热潮可能已经不可逆转地危及了该岛的哺乳动物动物群，因为自我们的研究期间以来，进入市场的这些动物的数量并没有增加。虽然赤道几内亚当局最近通过各种法律和资金手段启动了更好地保护该国野生动物的机制，但我们认为，如果不能充分理解社会和环境的联系，以指导这种独特的非洲动物群落的立即恢复，这些举措可能会失败。
Bushmeat market data can be used to detect hunting sustainability by using proxies such as decline in sale volume and price increases over time. Here, we explore these proxies for the Malabo market in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, the main bushmeat sale centre for the island. We gathered data during two sample phases (we call these ‘early’ and ‘later’) between March 1996 and October 1998, to test for evidence of faunal depletion during that period. Mammals (ungulates, rodents and primates) made up most of the bushmeat sold. Our analyses confirmed significant and sudden, rather than continuous, declines between phases, in total and individual animal group carcass volumes. Market species composition differed between phases; diversity indices and evenness increased in the later phase of the study. Price was related to species body mass and carcass condition (whether the carcass was smoked or fresh). Most species prices were higher in the later phase of the study. A total of 33 sites contributed bushmeat to the market, with over half of the recorded volume emerging from five sites in the south of the island. Bushmeat volume supplied from different regions of the island varied significantly between phases, and fewer sites contributed animals to the market during the later phase of the study. Proportionately more primates, ungulates but fewer rodents, appeared in the southern samples, compared with the northern. We suggest that in just over 2 years, hunting incursions, especially into the south of the island, may have resulted in drastic faunal losses. Subsequent data, collected by other authors, also indicate that the hunting spurt in the mid- and late-1990s may have irreversibly imperilled the island's mammalian fauna, since numbers of these animals entering the market have not increased since our study period. Although the Equato-Guinean authorities have recently initiated mechanisms to better protect the country's wildlife, through various legal and funding instruments, we suggest that these initiatives are likely to fail, if the social and environmental linkages are not fully understood to guide immediate restoration of such a unique African faunal assemblage.