Muscular activity of different shooting distances, different release techniques, and different performance levels, with and without stabilizers, in target archery
Muscular activity of different shooting distances, different release techniques, and different performance levels, with and without stabilizers, in target archery
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/02640419008732149
复制
发表时间：
1990-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Voss, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarys, J. P.;Cabri, J.;Voss, G.
标题中的四重方法是指为期 3 年的四项不同研究。这些研究的共同点是（布鲁塞尔）肌电信号处理和分析系统（ESPAS）的方法，这是一种不断改进的硬件和软件肌电数据采集系统。因此，ESPAS 方法被广泛描述（即电极、放大器、录音机和处理硬件）。实验 1 研究了室内（18 和 25 m）和室外（50、70 和 90 m）目标射击时的肌肉行为。结果发现（通过 iEMG），活动仅在 25 至 50 m 之间出现显着增加，并且随着距离的增加，活动并没有线性增加。没有发现室内距离和室外距离之间的肌肉模式（IDANCO 系统：Clarys 和 Cabri，1988）或活动存在差异。实验2研究了四种握弦方式的肌肉经济性：三指握弦、两指握弦、拇指握弦和反向握弦。活动变化最大的是两种最不熟悉的握法，即拇指握法和反向握法；然而，低 iEMG 和快速精度提高（在有限的射击次数内）表明，如果练习足够长的时间，拇指握法可能是最经济的技术。实验 3 试图区分三个不同射箭运动员群体（奥运会运动员、国家级运动员和初学者）的肌肉活动和许多表现变量，以获得有关表现改善的反馈。显然，整体肌肉模式、强度和箭头速度没有歧视。各组之间（或技能水平）之间的差异受到连续射击中再现相同模式和箭头速度的能力以及斜方肌、肱二头肌和指伸肌的神经肌肉控制稳定性的影响。最后，实验 4 研究了精英弓箭手在使用和不使用稳定器的情况下在 70 和 90 m 距离射击时的肌肉活动。 iEMG 的差异并没有得到精度差异的支持。随着时间的推移，在没有稳定器的情况下射击时的低 iEMG 会提高精度并延迟疲劳。
The quadruple approach in the title refers to four different studies over a period of 3 years. The common factor in these studies is the methodology of the (Brussels) Electromyographic Signal Processing and Analysis System (ESPAS), a hardware and software EMG data acquisition system that has constantly been improved. Therefore, the ESPAS methodology is described extensively (i.e. the electrodes, amplifier, tape-recorder and processing hardware). Experiment 1 investigated muscular behaviour in target shooting, both indoors (18 and 25 m) and outdoors (50, 70 and 90 m). It was found (via iEMG) that a significant increase in activity only exists between 25 and 50 m, and that there is no linear increase of activity with increased distance. No differences in muscular pattern (IDANCO system: Clarys and Cabri, 1988) or activity between the indoor distances and between the outdoor distances were found. Experiment 2 investigated the muscular economy of four string grips: the three-finger grip, two-finger grip, thumb grip and reversed grip. The largest variations in activity were found for the two most unfamiliar grips, i.e. the thumb and reversed grips; however, low iEMG and the rapid precision improvement (over a limited number of shots) suggest that the thumb grip, if practised long enough, might be the most economical technique. Experiment 3 attempted to differentiate muscular activity and a number of performance variables in three different populations of archers - Olympic athletes, National competitors and beginners - in order to obtain feedback regarding improved performance. Apparently, overall muscle pattern, intensities and arrow speed were not discriminatory. The differences found between the groups (or levels of skill) were affected by the ability to reproduce identical patterns and arrow velocities in consecutive shots and by the constancy of neuromuscular control of the M. trapezius, M. biceps brachii and M. extensor digitorum. Finally, Experiment 4 investigated the muscular activity of elite archers shooting at distances of 70 and 90 m with and without stabilizers. Differences in iEMG were not supported by differences in precision. Over time, the low iEMG in shooting without stabilizers increases precision and delays fatigue.