Mass variation observing system by high low inter-satellite links (MOBILE) – a new concept for sustained observation of mass transport from space
Mass variation observing system by high low inter-satellite links (MOBILE) – a new concept for sustained observation of mass transport from space
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DOI：
10.1515/jogs-2019-0006
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发表时间：
2019-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
R. Pail;J. Bamber;R. Biancale;R. Bingham;C. Braitenberg;A. Eicker;F. Flechtner;T. Gruber;A. Güntner;G. Heinzel;M. Horwath;L. Longuevergne;J. Müller;I. Panet;H. Savenije;S. Seneviratne;N. Sneeuw;T. V. van Dam;B. Wouters
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作者：
R. Pail;J. Bamber;R. Biancale;R. Bingham;C. Braitenberg;A. Eicker;F. Flechtner;T. Gruber;A. Güntner;G. Heinzel;M. Horwath;L. Longuevergne;J. Müller;I. Panet;H. Savenije;S. Seneviratne;N. Sneeuw;T. V. van Dam;B. Wouters
由于重力变化与质量变化直接相关，观测地球时变重力场的卫星任务是观测地球系统中质量传输过程的独特工具，如全球范围内的水循环，冰冻圈，海洋和固体地球过程的快速变化。GRACE和GOCE卫星任务成功地进行了地球重力场观测，GRACE后续使命将继续进行这一观测。一个由欧洲科学家组成的综合小组提出了下一代重力场使命移动的，以响应欧洲航天局（ESA）在地球探测器10（EE 10）框架内的核心使命的呼吁。移动的基于创新的观测概念，即具有微米测距精度的高低跟踪编队，并辅以新的仪器概念。由于高低跟踪使命主要观测重力引起的轨道扰动的径向分量，误差结构接近各向同性。这种几何结构显著地减少了以前的沿航迹测距低-低地层（GRACE、GRACE-Follow-On）的伪影，例如典型的条带图案。最低配置包括至少两个10000公里或更高高度的中地球轨道器和一个350-400公里高度的低地球轨道器。主要仪器是一个基于激光的距离或距离变化测量系统，安装在低地球轨道上。这些中短程目标装备有无源反射器或转发器。在一个数值闭环模拟中，它被证明，这种最小配置是符合阈值科学要求的5毫米等效水高（EWH）的精度在400公里波长，和10厘米EWH在200公里。移动的通过将这一概念与伽利略下一代等现有空间基础设施联系起来，作为哥白尼/哨兵方案的未来组成部分，提供了有希望的潜在未来前景，并具有小型化的潜力，甚至可以达到群体配置。因此移动的可被视为空间持续质量输运观测系统的先驱和作用模型。
Abstract As changes in gravity are directly related to mass variability, satellite missions observing the Earth’s time varying gravity field are a unique tool for observing mass transport processes in the Earth system, such as the water cycle, rapid changes in the cryosphere, oceans, and solid Earth processes, on a global scale. The observation of Earth’s gravity field was successfully performed by the GRACE and GOCE satellite missions, and will be continued by the GRACE Follow-On mission. A comprehensive team of European scientists proposed the next-generation gravity field mission MOBILE in response to the European Space Agency (ESA) call for a Core Mission in the frame of Earth Explorer 10 (EE10). MOBILE is based on the innovative observational concept of a high-low tracking formation with micrometer ranging accuracy, complemented by new instrument concepts. Since a high-low tracking mission primarily observes the radial component of gravity-induced orbit perturbations, the error structure is close to isotropic. This geometry significantly reduces artefacts of previous along-track ranging low-low formations (GRACE, GRACE-Follow-On) such as the typical striping patterns. The minimum configuration consists of at least two medium-Earth orbiters (MEOs) at 10000 km altitude or higher, and one low-Earth orbiter (LEO) at 350-400 km. The main instrument is a laser-based distance or distance change measurement system, which is placed at the LEO. The MEOs are equipped either with passive reflectors or transponders. In a numerical closed-loop simulation, it was demonstrated that this minimum configuration is in agreement with the threshold science requirements of 5 mm equivalent water height (EWH) accuracy at 400 km wavelength, and 10 cm EWH at 200 km. MOBILE provides promising potential future perspectives by linking the concept to existing space infrastructure such as Galileo next-generation, as future element of the Copernicus/Sentinel programme, and holds the potential of miniaturization even up to swarm configurations. As such MOBILE can be considered as a precursor and role model for a sustained mass transport observing system from space.