Equity implications of electric vehicles: A systematic review on the spatial distribution of emissions, air pollution and health impacts
Equity implications of electric vehicles: A systematic review on the spatial distribution of emissions, air pollution and health impacts
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/acc87c
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Anjali Sharma;Jinyu Shiwang;Anna M. Y. Lee;W. Peng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anjali Sharma;Jinyu Shiwang;Anna M. Y. Lee;W. Peng
扩大电动汽车(EVS)的规模为减少道路运输的碳排放和空气污染提供了一条途径。采用电动汽车对气候、空气质量和健康的好处已经被广泛记录在案。然而，关于这些影响分布的证据尚未得到系统审查，尽管它对确保公正和公平的过渡至关重要。在这里，我们对最近的电动汽车研究进行了系统的回顾，这些研究检查了排放、空气污染和健康影响的空间分布，作为公平影响的一个重要方面。使用上下文-干预-机制-结果框架和两步搜索策略，我们缩小到符合我们的纳入标准的47篇论文进行详细审查和综合。我们确定了两个已被发现影响空间分布的关键因素。首先，跨部门联系可能会在其他地方造成意想不到的影响。例如，为电动汽车充电而发电，以及生产电池和其他材料来制造电动汽车，可能会增加电动汽车使用地以外其他地区的排放和污染。其次，由于空气污染和健康是地方性问题，其他特定地点的因素可能在决定空间分布方面发挥作用，如污染的风向输送，以及受影响人口的规模和脆弱性。在综合现有证据的基础上，我们强调了进一步研究的两个重要领域：(1)精细的污染和健康影响评估，以更好地描述区域和人口群体之间的接触和健康差异；(2)电动汽车价值链的系统表示，其中包括运输、电力和制造部门之间的联系以及区域不同的活动和影响。
Scaling up electric vehicles (EVs) provides an avenue to mitigate both carbon emissions and air pollution from road transport. The benefits of EV adoption for climate, air quality, and health have been widely documented. Yet, evidence on the distribution of these impacts has not been systematically reviewed, despite its central importance to ensure a just and equitable transition. Here, we perform a systematic review of recent EV studies that have examined the spatial distribution of the emissions, air pollution, and health impacts, as an important aspect of the equity implications. Using the Context-Interventions-Mechanisms-Outcome framework with a two-step search strategy, we narrowed down to 47 papers that met our inclusion criteria for detailed review and synthesis. We identified two key factors that have been found to influence spatial distributions. First, the cross-sectoral linkages may result in unintended impacts elsewhere. For instance, the generation of electricity to charge EVs, and the production of batteries and other materials to manufacture EVs could increase the emissions and pollution in locations other than where EVs are adopted. Second, since air pollution and health are local issues, additional location-specific factors may play a role in determining the spatial distribution, such as the wind transport of pollution, and the size and vulnerability of the exposed populations. Based on our synthesis of existing evidence, we highlight two important areas for further research: (1) fine-scale pollution and health impact assessment to better characterize exposure and health disparities across regions and population groups; and (2) a systematic representation of the EV value chain that captures the linkages between the transport, power and manufacturing sectors as well as the regionally-varying activities and impacts.