Two parasitic ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Phyllopharyngea) isolated from respiratory-mucus of an unhealthy beluga whale: characterization, phylogeny and an assessment of morphological adaptations
Two parasitic ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Phyllopharyngea) isolated from respiratory-mucus of an unhealthy beluga whale: characterization, phylogeny and an assessment of morphological adaptations
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从不健康白鲸的呼吸道粘液中分离出两种寄生纤毛虫（原生动物：纤毛纲：Phyllopharyngea）：特征、系统发育和形态适应性评估
DOI：
10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa086
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发表时间：
2021-04-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Chen, Xiangrui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jin, Didi;Qu, Zhishuai;Chen, Xiangrui
纤毛虫出现在海洋哺乳动物的气孔中，但我们对其生物学的了解很少。因此，我们调查了一个不健康的，圈养白鲸，表现出呼吸加速，白细胞增多和异常大量的粘性痰排出纤毛虫的侵扰。该痰液含有类似于10（4）个纤毛虫mL（-1）（当健康时，数量低10至100倍）。本文报道了一种已知的纤毛虫，卵形扁虫Planilamina ovata，以及一个新种，副鲸目Kyaroikeus paracetarius sp. nov.，在这里描述。新物种的建立是基于其比其唯一同源物更多的左动体。利用小亚基rDNA、大亚基rDNA和ITS 1 -5. 8 S-ITS 2区序列对这两个分类群进行系统发育分析，推测Kyaroikeus和Planilamina与Dysteridae的亲缘关系较近，与基于形态学的Kyaroikeidae分类群的归属相矛盾。我们建议Kyaroikeidae降级为亚科地位。最后，通过比较寄生物种与自由生活的类群，我们建议这些纤毛虫如何适应其独特的环境，以及它们最初可能是如何入侵宿主的。我们提供了必要的数据和概念，继续评估纤毛虫寄生虫在鲸鱼喷水孔。
Ciliates occur in the blowholes of marine mammals, but our understanding of their biology is poor. Consequently, we investigated an infestation of ciliates in an unhealthy, captive beluga whale that was exhibiting accelerated breathing, leukocytosis and expulsion of unusually large amounts of viscous sputum. This sputum contained similar to 10(4) ciliates mL(-1) (when healthy, numbers were ten- to 100-fold lower). One known ciliate species, Planilamina ovata, is fully characterized, and a new species, Kyaroikeus paracetarius sp. nov., is here described. The new species is established based on its larger number of left kineties over its only congener. Sequences of small-subunit rDNA, large-subunit rDNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions of these two taxa were used in phylogenetic analyses, inferring that Kyaroikeus and Planilamina have close affinity with the free-living family Dysteriidae, contradicting their morphology-based assignment to the family Kyaroikeidae. We suggest that Kyaroikeidae be relegated to subfamily status. Finally, by comparing parasitic species with free-living taxa, we suggest how these ciliates have adapted to their unique environment and how they may have initially invaded the host. We provide essential data and concepts for the continued evaluation of ciliate-parasites in whale blowholes.