Guilt by association: The link between states' influence and the legitimacy of intergovernmental organizations
Guilt by association: The link between states' influence and the legitimacy of intergovernmental organizations
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DOI：
10.1007/s11558-010-9088-z
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Johnson, Tana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, Tana
对某一特定国家的不利看法将导致对该国拥有影响力的政府间组织的合法性产生怀疑。影响途径越广泛，这种“连带罪”就越强烈。理由有两个。首先，在政府间组织内拥有制度化影响力（例如否决权）的国家在可信地承诺不干涉组织活动方面面临着巨大的困难。其次，即使一个国家能够以某种方式承诺不进行公开干涉，但如果它已经将其价值观融入到政府间组织中，它也可能会施加隐蔽的观念影响。精英和普通民众都认识到助长关联负罪感的影响途径。通过对 23 个国家 35,397 人的舆论数据进行统计分析，我提供了第一个系统证据，证明连带罪的存在：美国、俄罗斯、日本和巴基斯坦，以及联合国、世界银行和国际货币基金组织。证据对于许多替代规范来说是强有力的。这些发现增强了我们对政府间组织合法性面临的威胁的理解，并为国际领域对强国的反感发挥重要作用的机制提供了具体证据，从而为国际关系学术做出了贡献。
Unfavorable views toward a particular state will result in skepticism about the legitimacy of IGOs in which that state possesses influence. The more extensive the avenues of influence, the stronger this "guilt by association." The rationale is two-fold. First, a state that possesses institutionalized influence (e. g., a veto) within an intergovernmental organization faces substantial difficulties in credibly committing to non-interference with organizational activities. Second, even if a state somehow could commit to abstention from overt interference, it may exert covert ideational influence if it already has embedded its values into an IGO. Elites and laypeople alike recognize the avenues of influence that fuel guilt-by-association. With statistical analyses of public opinion data from 35,397 people in 23 countries, I provide the first systematic evidence that guilt-by-association exists: for the United States, Russia, Japan, and Pakistan, vis-a-vis the United Nations, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund. The evidence is robust to numerous alternative specifications. The findings contribute to international relations scholarship by enhancing our understanding of threats to IGO legitimacy and by providing concrete evidence for a mechanism by which antipathy toward powerful states matters in the international realm.