Prevalence and correlates of cannabis use in developed and developing countries
Prevalence and correlates of cannabis use in developed and developing countries
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DOI：
10.1097/yco.0b013e32812144cc
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Degenhardt, Louisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hall, Wayne;Degenhardt, Louisa
本文的目的是回顾发达国家和发展中国家年轻人使用大麻的流行程度、前因和相关因素的最新研究。大麻是全球使用最广泛的非法药物，其使用似乎在发达国家和发展中国家都在增加。在发达国家，叛逆、反社会行为、学习成绩差以及与吸毒的同龄人交往是早期和经常使用大麻的危险因素。目前在发展中国家也有类似的先例。依赖是大麻的一种未被充分认识的风险，发达国家使用大麻的青少年中有六分之一至七分之一受到这种风险的影响。青少年大麻依赖与使用其他非法药物的风险增加、抑郁症状和精神病症状相关。在纵向研究中，大麻在精神病症状中起促进因果作用的可能性有所增加，但仍有争议。在其他非法药物使用和情绪障碍的情况下，仍然难以排除常见的因果解释。青少年早期和经常使用大麻预示着大麻依赖的风险增加，而大麻依赖又预示着使用其他非法药物的风险增加，并报告情绪和精神障碍的症状。
Purpose of review The aim of this article is to review recent research on the prevalence, antecedents and correlates of cannabis use in young adults in developed and developing countries.Recent findings Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug globally and its use appears to be increasing in developed and developing countries. In developed countries rebelliousness, antisocial behaviour, poor school performance, and affiliation with drug-using peers are risk factors for early and regular cannabis use. Similar antecedents are now being reported in developing countries. Dependence is an underappreciated risk of cannabis that affects one in six to seven adolescents who use cannabis in developed countries. Adolescent cannabis dependence is correlated with an increased risk of using other illicit drugs, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of psychosis. The plausibility of cannabis playing a contributory causal role has increased for symptoms of psychosis in longitudinal studies but remains contentious. In the case of other illicit drug use and mood disorders common causal explanations remain difficult to exclude.Summary Early and regular cannabis use in adolescence predicts an increased risk of cannabis dependence which in turn predicts an increased risk of using other illicit drugs, and reporting symptoms of mood and psychotic disorders.