Evolution of Maya Polities in the Ancient Mesoamerican System
Evolution of Maya Polities in the Ancient Mesoamerican System
复制标题
古代中美洲体系中玛雅政体的演变
DOI：
10.1111/0020-8833.00137
复制
发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
T. Landman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Cioffi;T. Landman
对古代政治的分析为政治学和国际关系提供了新的机会，特别是古代新世界。公元前2000年至公元1521年）。通过领导和机构、集体行动、战争与和平、联盟动态、地区霸权、国家间竞争以及其他世界政治的普遍模式进行治理，早在现代国家制度之前就存在于中美洲。我们报告的研究结果，以系统地记录玛雅政体在中美洲政治体系的兴衰，使用考古学和金石学的来源。基于竞争的假设和新的分布统计和风险率（生存分析）的72玛雅政体的测试，我们的研究结果支持玛雅政治动态模型的基础上前经典的起源，间断的发展阶段，多个周期的系统扩张和崩溃，以及日益复杂的政体较弱的政治稳定性。我们得出两个主要的含义：（a）基于玛雅人未能实现政治整合，提出了玛雅政治崩溃的新理论;（B）确认玛雅政治演变的新周期，不同于传统的文化周期，基于几个周期的兴衰，而不仅仅是一个。我们的研究结果也可能使未来的研究领域，如战争极性和战争联盟的假设。
The analysis of politics in antiquity presents new opportunities for political science and international relations, particularly the ancient New World (c. 2000 B.C. to A.D. 1521). Governance through leadership and institutions, collective action, war and peace, alliance dynamics, regional hegemonies, interstate rivalries, and other universal patterns of world politics existed in Meso-America, antedating the modern state system. We report findings from a study to record systematically the rise and fall of Maya polities in the Meso-American political system, using sources from archaeology and epigraphy. Based on tests of competing hypotheses and new distribution statistics and hazard rates (survival analysis) for 72 Maya polities, our findings support a model of Maya political dynamics based on pre-classic origins, punctuated phases of development, multiple cycles of system expansion and collapse, and weaker political stability for increasingly complex polities. We draw two main implications: (a) a new theory of the Maya political collapse(s), based on their failure to politically integrate; and (b) confirmation for a new periodization of Maya political evolution, different from the traditional cultural periodization, based on several cycles of rise-and-fall, not just one. Our findings may also make possible future investigations in areas such as the war-polarity and war-alliances hypotheses.