Basketball players minimize the effect of motor noise by using near-minimum release speed in free-throw shooting
Basketball players minimize the effect of motor noise by using near-minimum release speed in free-throw shooting
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DOI：
10.1016/j.humov.2020.102583
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Yoshioka, Shinsuke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nakano, Nobuyasu;Inaba, Yuki;Yoshioka, Shinsuke
这项研究的目的是阐明篮球运动员在罚球投篮中使用的策略，以提高在存在马达噪音的情况下的表现。考察了两种可能的假设：运动员将投篮速度最小化以减少与信号相关的噪声，或者运动员通过考虑他们的变异性来最大化投篮成功率。八名大学生球员和一名职业球员参与了这项研究，他们使用动作捕捉系统尝试罚球线上的投篮。计算了释放时由球参数组成的解流形，并考虑球参数的可变性对最优策略进行了仿真，并将结果与实际数据进行了比较。我们的结果表明，参与者选择了接近最小释放速度的解决方案。测量的释放角与最小速度角的偏差接近于零(2.8+/-3.1度)。然而，通过仿真发现，速度相关噪声的增加对球的落地位置没有显著影响。另外，采用最小速度策略时，投放角误差对落球位置的影响最小。因此，玩家将释放速度最小化以最小化释放误差对性能的影响，而不是最小化与速度相关的噪声本身。换言之，该策略是“接近最小速度策略”和“最小误差传播策略”。这些发现对于理解体育专家如何处理内在噪音以提高成绩将是重要的。
The aim of this study was to clarify the strategy used by basketball players during free-throw shooting to improve performance in the presence of motor noise. Two possible hypotheses were examined: the players minimize the release speed to decrease signal-dependent noise or the players maximize the shot success probability by accounting for their variability. Eight collegiate players and one professional player participated in this study by attempting shots from the free-throw line using a motion capture system. The solution manifold consisting of ball parameters at release was calculated and the optimal strategy was simulated by considering ball parameter variability; this result was compared with the actual data. Our results showed that participants selected the solution of near-minimum release speed. The deviation of the measured release angle from the minimum-speed angle was close to zero (2.8 +/- 3.1 degrees). However, an increase in speed-dependent noise did not have a significant influence on the ball landing position through simulation. Additionally, the effect of release angle error on the ball landing position was minimum when using the minimum speed strategy. Therefore, the players minimize the release speed to minimize the effect of the release error on performance, instead of minimizing the speed-dependent noise itself. In other words, the strategy is "near-minimum-speed strategy" as well as "minimum-error-propagation strategy". These findings will be important for understanding how sports experts deal with intrinsic noise to improve performance.