Tracing the patterns of non-marine turtle richness from the Triassic to the Palaeogene: from origin to global spread
Tracing the patterns of non-marine turtle richness from the Triassic to the Palaeogene: from origin to global spread
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DOI：
10.1111/pala.12486
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发表时间：
2020-05-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Barrett, Paul M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cleary, Terri J.;Benson, Roger B. J.;Barrett, Paul M.
海龟是现代脊椎动物区系的重要组成部分，其多样性和分布可能会受到人为气候变化的影响。然而，关于海龟分类丰富度的基线数据有限，无论是通过时间还是通过评估它们过去对全球环境变化的反应。我们使用了大量的三叠纪-古近纪（252-223 Ma）的陆地和淡水海龟化石记录来调查多样性模式，发现随着时间的推移和大陆之间的丰富性有很大的变化。从全球来看，从三叠纪起源到晚侏罗纪，海龟的丰富度都很低。有强有力的证据表明，早白垩世欧洲的丰富度很高，在白垩纪最热峰之后变得特别高，并在白垩纪末期在所有大陆下降。在K-Pg边界，南美洲的丰富度水平变化不大，而北美的丰富度增加，成为非常高的最早的古近纪（Danian）。在这段时间内，其他地方缺乏信息性数据。然而，Selandian-Thanetian间隔，大约5万年后的K-Pg大灭绝，显示低海龟丰富的亚洲，欧洲和南美洲，这表明发生异常海龟丰富的灭绝后古新世动物群的北美是没有全球代表性。在北美始新世-渐新世边界，丰富度下降，但在欧洲却增加到已知的最高水平，这意味着对剧烈气候变化的反应截然不同。时间序列回归表明采样的地层数量和古温度是面值丰富度计数的主要影响因素，但这里没有测试的其他因素也可能参与其中。
Turtles are key components of modern vertebrate faunas and their diversity and distributions are likely to be affected by anthropogenic climate change. However, there is limited baseline data on turtle taxonomic richness through time or assessment of their past responses to global environmental change. We used the extensive Triassic-Palaeogene (252-223 Ma) fossil record of terrestrial and freshwater turtles to investigate diversity patterns, finding substantial variation in richness through time and between continents. Globally, turtle richness was low from their Triassic origin until the Late Jurassic. There is strong evidence for high richness in the earliest Cretaceous of Europe, becoming especially high following the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum and declining in all continents by the end-Cretaceous. At the K-Pg boundary, South American richness levels changed little while North American richness increased, becoming very high during the earliest Palaeogene (Danian). Informative data are lacking elsewhere for this time period. However, the Selandian-Thanetian interval, approximately 5 myr after the K-Pg mass extinction, shows low turtle richness in Asia, Europe and South America, suggesting that the occurrence of exceptional turtle richness in the post-extinction Paleocene fauna of North America is not globally representative. Richness decreased over the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in North America but increased to its greatest known level for Europe, implying very different responses to dramatic climatic shifts. Time series regressions suggest number of formations sampled and palaeotemperature are the primary influencers of face-value richness counts, but additional factors not tested here may also be involved.