Phylogenetic evidence for multiple independent origins of functional kleptoplasty in Sacoglossa (Heterobranchia, Gastropoda)
Phylogenetic evidence for multiple independent origins of functional kleptoplasty in Sacoglossa (Heterobranchia, Gastropoda)
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DOI：
10.1007/s13127-014-0189-z
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Waegele, Heike
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christa, Gregor;Haendeler, Katharina;Waegele, Heike
Sacoglossa 是一个相当小的海洋蛞蝓分类群，约有 300 个已描述的物种，但几十年来它一直让科学家着迷。这主要是因为某些物种能够吸收其藻类猎物的光合活性质体，这种现象被称为功能性盗贼成形术。由于质体被盗，这些蛞蝓会忍受数周（短期保留）或数月（长期保留）的饥饿，尽管质体对生存的贡献和增强质体寿命的因素尚不清楚。同样，关于功能性盗贼成形术进化的对比假设也存在，并且 Sacoglossa 类群的系统发育关系仍在争论中。我们分析了 105 个 sacoglossan 物种的系统发育关系，以解决功能性盗窃成形术的起源问题。根据我们的系统发育分析和祖先特征状态重建，我们得出结论，功能性短期保留很可能起源于两次，长期保留至少起源于五次。之前关于用特定质体建立功能性长期盗窃成形术的建议得到了我们对 Elysia clarki 的食物分析的支持，该分析最终在长期饥饿期间仅含有某些藻类物种的质体。
Sacoglossa is a rather small taxon of marine slugs with about 300 described species, yet it is quite fascinating scientists for decades. This is mainly because of the ability of certain species to incorporate photosynthetically active plastids of their algae prey, a phenomenon known as functional kleptoplasty. With the stolen plastids, these slugs endure weeks (short-term retention) or months (long-term retention) of starvation, though contribution of the plastids to the survival and factors enhancing plastid longevity are unknown. Likewise, contrasting hypotheses on evolution of functional kleptoplasty exist and the phylogenetic relationship of Sacoglossa taxa is still under debate. We analyzed the phylogenetic relationship of 105 sacoglossan species to address the question of the origin of functional kleptoplasty. Based on our phylogenetic analysis and the ancestral character state reconstruction, we conclude that functional short-term retention most likely originated two times and long-term retention at least five times. Previous suggestions that functional long-term kleptoplasty is established with specific plastids are supported by our food analyses in Elysia clarki that finally harbors only plastids of certain algae species over a prolonged starvation period.