How pushing the spatiotemporal resolution of fMRI can advance neuroscience.
How pushing the spatiotemporal resolution of fMRI can advance neuroscience.
复制标题
提高功能磁共振成像的时空分辨率如何推动神经科学的发展。
DOI：
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102184
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Lewis,LauraD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vizioli,Luca;Yacoub,Essa;Lewis,LauraD
由于功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 能够以相对较高的空间和时间分辨率无创地获取图像，因此在过去 25 年中已成为研究人类大脑的最强大工具之一。功能磁共振成像利用神经活动和血流动力学（例如血流量、血容量或血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）信号）之间的耦合来研究神经过程（Kwong 等，1992；Okawa 等，1992）。作为唯一可以无创测量全脑活动的工具，fMRI 为系统和认知神经科学领域带来了广泛的见解，而其技术能力反过来又限制了可以在人类身上研究的神经科学问题类型。最近的技术进步使 fMRI 能够实现前所未有的空间和时间分辨率，达到亚毫米体素尺寸和亚秒级全脑成像。这些新技术有可能通过跟踪随时间快速展开的动态并识别以前由于尺寸小而无法成像的关键大脑结构的功能特性，从而揭示以前无法检测到的神经反应洞察力。因此，这些进展可能有助于缩小侵入性动物电生理学和人类神经影像学之间的差距（图 1）。
Due to its ability to noninvasively acquire images with relatively high spatial and temporal resolution, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has over the last 25 years become one of the most powerful tools to study the human brain. fMRI exploits the coupling between neural activity and hemodynamics (such as blood flow, blood volume or the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal) to study neural processes (Kwong et al., 1992; Ogawa et al., 1992). As the only tool that can measure whole-brain activity noninvasively, fMRI has enabled wide-ranging insights in systems and cognitive neuroscience, and its technological capabilities have in turn set the limits of what types of neuroscience questions can be investigated in humans.Recent technological advances have enabled fMRI to achieve unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution, reaching submillimeter voxel sizes and subsecond whole-brain imaging. These new techniques have the potential to reveal previously undetectable insights into neural responses by tracking dynamics unfolding rapidly over time and identifying the functional properties of critical brain structures that could not previously be imaged due to their small size. As such, these developments could help narrow the gap between invasive animal electrophysiology and human neuroimaging (Fig. 1).