Organochlorine insecticide residues in the free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) at Bracken Cave, Texas.
Organochlorine insecticide residues in the free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) at Bracken Cave, Texas.
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德克萨斯州布雷肯洞的无尾蝙蝠（Tadarida brasiliensis）体内有机氯杀虫剂残留。
DOI：
10.2307/1379372
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发表时间：
1975
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
D. Swineford
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donald R. Clark;Donald R. Clark;Chester O. Martin;Chester O. Martin;D. Swineford;D. Swineford
五十九个自由尾蝙蝠（Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana）收集在布雷肯洞穴，得克萨斯州，有机氯杀虫剂和多氯联苯（PCBs）进行了分析。从地板上收集的12个年轻人大脑中的DDE残留量大于从天花板上收集的15个年轻人，但食物剥夺，而不是大脑中更高的残留物，显然导致年轻人摔倒。
在18只怀孕雌鸽中，一岁鸽体内DDE和DDT残留量最高。一岁鸽的第一次泌乳使它们的残留负荷急剧下降。此后，随着年龄的增加，残留量增加，但数额一般不超过那些在一岁。
胚胎中的残留水平是母本水平和胚胎发育程度的函数。残留物在哺乳期的幼仔中迅速积累，哺乳期的雌性动物每天可通过乳汁排泄1.3至16.2（平均值= 4.3）微克的DDE。最大的个人残留负荷可能会达到接近年底的护理，并动员这些残留物在向南迁移可能会受到Bracken洞穴自由尾巴的最大寿命残留在大脑中。
将我们的数据与1970年在亚利桑那州鹰溪洞（Eagle Creek Cave）的自由尾种群的残留数据进行比较，得出以下结论：（1）DDE在两个种群的怀孕雌鱼、胚胎、哺乳雌鱼和落苗中的残留量相似：（2）DDT和狄氏剂在布雷肯洞的怀孕雌鱼中的残留量较高;（3）在Bracken洞的鸟粪样品中DDE和DDT的含量较高。在此基础上，1963年至1969年期间在鹰溪洞穴观察到的种群下降似乎与1970年从该洞穴采集的样本中观察到的残留物无关。
Fifty-nine free-tailed bats ( Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana ) were collected at Bracken Cave, Texas, and analyzed for organochlorine insecticides and polyehiorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Residues of DDE in the brain were greater in 12 young collected from the floor than in 15 young taken from the ceiling, but food deprivation, not higher residues in the brain, apparently caused young to fall.
Among 18 pregnant females, residues of DDE and DDT were highest in yearlings. The first lactation by yearlings caused their residue loads to drop sharply. Thereafter, increasing age was accompanied by increasing residues but amounts generally did not exceed those in yearlings.
Residue levels in embryos were a function both of levels in the female parent and degree of embryonic development. Residues accumulated rapidly in nursing young, and lactating females may excrete from 1.3 to 16.2 (mean = 4.3) micrograms of DDE in milk per day. Maximum individual residue loads may be attained toward the end of nursing, and mobilization of these residues during southward migration may subject Bracken Cave free-tails to maximum lifetime residues in the brain.
Comparison of our data with residue data for the free-tail population at Eagle Creek Cave (Arizona) in 1970 produced the following conclusions: (1) residues of DDE appeared similar in pregnant females, embryos, lactating females, and fallen young for the two populations; (2) residues of DDT and dieldrin appeared greater in pregnant females at Bracken Cave; (3) DDE and DDT occurred at greater levels in guano samples from Bracken Cave. On this basis, the population decline observed at Eagle Creek Cave between 1963 and 1969 does not appear to be related to the residues observed in the 1970 samples taken from that cave.