Word frequency of irrelevant speech distractors affects serial recall
Word frequency of irrelevant speech distractors affects serial recall
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03195299
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Erdfelder, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buchner, A;Erdfelder, E
在这项研究中，参与者在沉默或忽略频繁或罕见的干扰词的情况下记忆频繁或罕见的目标词。干扰词损害回忆性能，但低频干扰词造成更多的损害比高频干扰词。我们演示了如何解决即时回忆的Schweickert（1993）多项式加工树模型的可识别性问题，然后使用这个模型来表明，不相关的语音影响的概率与完整的目标词表示可用于连续回忆和成功重建项目身份的概率的基础上退化的短期记忆痕迹。然而，不相关的语音的类型低与高频率的话，选择性地影响了完整的目标词表征的概率。这些结果与科万（1995）提出的框架内对不相关言语效应的解释是一致的，它们对不相关言语效应的其他解释提出了问题。分析也证实了Schweickert过程模型的有效性。
In this study, participants memorized frequent or rare target words in silence or while ignoring frequent or rare distractor words. Distractor words impaired recall performance, but low-frequency distractor words caused more impairment than did high-frequency distractor words. We demonstrate how to solve the identifiability problem for Schweickert's (1993) multinomial processing tree model of immediate recall, and then use this model to show that irrelevant speech affected both the probability with which intact target word representations were available for serial recall and the probability of successful reconstruction of item identities based on degraded short-term memory traces. However, the type of irrelevant speech-low- versus high-frequency words-selectively affected the probability of intact target word representations. These results are consistent with an explanation of the irrelevant speech effect within the framework proposed by Cowan (1995), and they pose problems for other explanations of the irrelevant speech effect. The analyses also confirm the validity of Schweickert's process model.