The missing mass of morality: A new fitpack design for hepatitis C prevention in sexual partnerships
The missing mass of morality: A new fitpack design for hepatitis C prevention in sexual partnerships
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.03.009
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Fraser, Suzanne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fraser, Suzanne
在西方，大多数丙型肝炎传播是通过共用注射毒品的设备发生的，而且大多数是在性伴侣之间发生的。尽管如此，人们对这些伙伴关系中如何管理注射实践（包括设备使用）知之甚少。这篇文章借鉴了科学研究理论家布鲁诺·拉图尔关于技术和伦理的著作（2002），以及为一个关于一起注射的性伴侣的研究项目收集的初步数据，来阐明这些问题。长期以来，避免传播的责任一直被视为个人责任，旨在帮助个人履行这一责任的措施也被视为个人责任，例如分发无菌注射设备。这种个体化倾向被批评为对弱势群体的不公平责任。本文旨在通过提出对代理的不同理解和一种新的预防模式来超越这种个性化方法。它没有以传统的方式将丙型肝炎视为一个有界的、本体论上稳定的对象，它预先存在于与个人和他们用于注射的物质对象的接触中，而是将其表述为与其他现象（包括社会关系和技术对象）的融合。反过来，它以新的方式看待传播；作为一个社会关系和对象设计的问题。本文接着讨论了一个新的澳大利亚研究项目，该项目以这种方法为起点，旨在开发两个关键的预防创新：(1)针对伙伴关系而不是个人的新信息，(2)将伙伴关系视为主要资源单位的新注射包或“fitpack”。文章最后考虑了这种向技术、社会关系和对象的伦理转变的政治。(C) 2013 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
In the West, most hepatitis C transmission occurs through the sharing of equipment used for injecting drugs, and most sharing occurs between sexual partners. Despite this, little is known about how injecting practice, including equipment use, is managed in these partnerships. This article draws on science studies theorist Bruno Latour's work on technology and ethics (2002), and preliminary data collected for a research project on sexual partners who inject together, to illuminate these issues. Responsibility for avoiding transmission has long been conceived individually, as have measures intended to aid individuals in fulfilling this responsibility, such as the distribution of sterile injecting equipment. This individualising tendency has been criticised for inequitably responsibilising disadvantaged people. This article aims to exceed this individualising approach by proposing a different understanding of agency and a new mode of prevention. Rather than treating hepatitis C in conventional terms, as a bounded, ontologically stable object that pre-exists its encounter with individuals and the material objects they use in injecting, it formulates it as made in its enfolding with other phenomena, including social relationships and technological objects. In turn it sees transmission in new terms; as a question of social relationships and of object design. The article goes on to discuss a new Australian research project that takes this approach as its starting point, aiming to develop two key prevention innovations: (1) new messages aimed at partnerships rather than individuals, and (2) a new injecting pack or 'fitpack' that treats the partnership as a primary unit of resourcing. The article concludes by considering the politics of this shift to an ethics of technology, social relationships and objects. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.