Biomimetics: Nature‐Based Innovation
Biomimetics: Nature‐Based Innovation
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仿生学：基于自然的创新
DOI：
10.1002/inst.201417264
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Lawrence D. Pohlmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lawrence D. Pohlmann
动机。仿生学既是一种长期存在的设计方法，也是一个迅速兴起的领域。这本书的目的是对仿生学原理、方法、实践和结果的全面回顾，这些原理、方法和结果涵盖了广泛而多样的基于自然的解决方案的研究和应用领域。这本书是Bar-Cohen 2005年的《仿生学：受生物启发的技术》的续集。这本书认识到潜在的仿生学领域的广度，并在这些领域的考虑和挑战。本书试图有条不紊地记录这些领域的进展、问题和愿景。本书的目标是作为科学家和工程师的参考书。本文编辑Bar-Cohen博士是加州帕萨迪纳市喷气推进实验室的物理学家、高级研究科学家和先进技术小组主管。他拥有25项专利，与人合编或合著了8本书，合著了350多篇文章，并获得了无数奖项。他也是最近成立的CRC出版社系列仿生学的编辑。特约作者包括来自美国和其他5个国家的75位不同的学者和主要专家。目标受众是有意广泛的：学者、学生、科学家、工程师和发明家——无论是个人还是团队。换句话说，这本书适合任何可能从对“大自然的发明”所展示的数据和解决方案概念的深入理解中受益的人。结构和内容。Bar-Cohen用一个富有洞察力的引言和一个结束语，发人深省的未来章节来概括18个主题章节。局部章节使用材料、物理、化学、建筑,和其他工程角度讨论:光学传感细胞材料界面人造肌肉自我修复自我繁殖复合材料静电聚合物驱动器机器人游泳飞行医疗植入物和设备仿生产品。每一章都是分析性的，是数据和思想密集的。例如，产品一章首先讨论了仿生产品的开发过程，然后继续描述10种不同的产品类别。这一章提供了对考虑和应用由自然实现的进化创造性的多种方法的见解。这本书提出了许多有趣的问题。例：家具和许多动物都有四条腿，这是巧合吗？渔网可能是仿照蜘蛛网设计的吗？伞的灵感来自花朵的闭合吗？我们用的沙拉钳或镊子是受到鸟喙的启发吗？模仿章鱼的特征和行为在技术上有什么挑战？可用性非常好！这本书显示了对如何使用参考书的真正理解。每章以第三或第四层次的大纲开始，这将极大地帮助重新找到具体的内容。大多数章节（不幸的是不是全部）都有强有力的介绍，并以结论部分结束。章节中有丰富的参考文献，包括大量的图片（有些是彩色的），并列出了一组相关的网站。索引范围很广，仅A项下就有140多个条目。本书自始至终使用工程的观点和术语。给我印象最深的是仿生学的成就和机会，以及讨论的细节程度。可用性和附加信息。这本788页的书在CRCPress.com上标价180美元（电子书126美元）。它也可以在亚马逊上买到。前面的内容可从CRC下载。每章的“摘要”[第一页]可从CRC出版社在其他电子书选项下查看。你应该买这本书吗？可能。先看正文和章节摘要，然后再决定。对于INCOSE社区，我建议将这本书推荐给：1)任何对生物启发设计或创新有兴趣或有责任的人，2)任何负责技术评估或规划，或作为跨学科团队一部分的高级系统概念开发的人，以及3)INCOSE公司咨询委员会的成员，他们可以/应该将本书推荐给他们组织内的适当小组。在关闭。斯波克会不动声色地说：“太棒了。”我会带着更多的情感说“太棒了！”我喜欢这本书！这是鼓舞人心的！这是相关的！它被设计成一个反复有用的参考。它使用工程视角和术语。这本书可以成为对仿生机会和成就的多样性的认识和欣赏的持续来源，以及对基于自然的创新挑战的深度。我认为它是SE社区的一个有用的资源，特别是对于任何参与技术评估和高级系统概念开发的人。
Motivation. Biomimicry is both a long standing design approach and a rapidly emerging field. The book is intended to be a comprehensive review of the stateof-the-art of biomimicry principles, methods, practices, and results across a wide and diverse set of the research and application areas of nature-based solutions. The book is a follow-up to Bar-Cohen's 2005 Biomimetics: Biologically Inspired Technologies. The book recognizes the breadth of potential biomimicry areas, and the considerations and challenges within these areas. The book attempts to methodically document progress, issues, and visions across these areas. The stated goal is to serve as reference book for scientists and engineers. The Editor Dr. Bar-Cohen is a physicist, Senior Research Scientist, and Supervisor of the Advanced Technologies Group at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. He holds 25 patents, has co-edited or coauthored eight books, has coauthored more than 350 articles, and has received numerous awards. He is also the editor of the recently established CRC Press Series in Biomimetics. The Contributing Authors include 75 different scholars and leading experts from the United States and five other countries.. The Target Audiences is intentionally broad: scholars, students, scientists, engineers, and inventors—both as individuals and as teams. In other words, the book is for anyone who could potentially benefit from a deeper understanding of data and solution concepts exhibited by 'nature's inventions.' Structure and Content. Bar-Cohen wraps the 18 topical chapters with an insightful introduction and a concluding, thought-provoking futures chapter. The topical chapters use materials, physics, chemistry, architecture, and other engineering perspectives to discuss: Sensing Optics Cell Material Interfaces Artificial Muscles Self Repair Self Reproduction Composites Electrostatic Polymer Actuators Robotics Swimming Flying Medical Implants and Devices Biomimetic Products. Each chapter is analytic and is data and idea intensive. For example, the products chapter begins with a discussion of the biomimetic product development process—and then proceeds to describe 10 different product categories. The chapter provides insight into a multitude of ways to consider and apply the evolutionary inventiveness achieved by nature. The book raises a host of interesting questions. e.g.: Is it coincidence that furniture and many animals have four legs? Could fishing nets have been patterned after spider webs? Are umbrellas inspired by the way flowers close up? Are the salad tongs, or the tweezers, we use inspired by bird beaks? What are the technical challenges of mimicking the characteristics and behavior of an octopus? Usability is excellent! The book shows real understanding of how a reference book will be used. Each chapter begins with a thirdor fourth-level outline— which will greatly assist re-finding specific content. Most chapters (unfortunately not all) have strong introductions and end with a conclusions section. Chapters are rich in references, include numerous images (some in color), and list a set of related web sites. The index is extensive, e.g., more than 140 entries under A alone. The book uses engineering perspectives and terminology throughout. I was most impressed by the range of biomimicry accomplishments and opportunities, and by the level of detail in the discussions. Availability and Additional Information. This 788-page book is listed at $180 (eBook: $126) by CRCPress.com. It is also available from Amazon. The front matter is downloadable from CRC. An 'abstract' [first page] for each chapter is viewable from CRC Press under Other eBook Options. Should You Buy This Book? Possibly. Look first at the front matter and chapter abstracts, then decide. For the INCOSE community, I would suggest this book for: 1) anyone with a budding interest or assigned responsibilities that are related to biological inspired design or innovation, 2) anyone that has responsibilities for technology assessment or planning, or advanced systems concept development as part of interdisciplinary teams, and 3) members of the INCOSE Corporate Advisory Board—who could/should refer this book to appropriate groups within their organizations. In Closing. Mr. Spock would state unemotionally: "fascinating." I would say "fascinating!" with much more emotion. I like this book! It is inspiring! It is relevant! It is designed to be a repeatedly useful reference. It uses engineering perspectives and terminology. The book can be a continuing source for awareness and appreciation of the diversity of biomimetic opportunities and accomplishments, as well as for the depth of challenges of nature-based innovations. I view it as a useful resource for the SE community, especially for anyone involved with technology assessment and advanced systems concept development.