Role of melatonin in traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury.
Role of melatonin in traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury.
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DOI：
10.1155/2014/586270
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Parvez S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Naseem M;Parvez S
脑和脊髓与中枢神经系统（CNS）两种最严重损伤的发生率有关。外伤性脑损伤（TBI）是一种涉及原发性和继发性损伤级联反应的破坏性神经功能缺损。其主要和次要机制包括促炎细胞因子的激活、脑水肿、NF-κ β的上调、血脑屏障（BBB）的破坏和氧化应激的复杂后果。脊髓损伤包括原发性和继发性损伤级联反应。原发性损伤导致继发性损伤，自由基的产生和氧化或硝化损伤在继发性损伤中起重要的病理生理作用。吲哚胺褪黑素是由大脑松果体分泌或合成的一种激素，有助于调节睡眠和觉醒周期。褪黑素已被证明是一种多功能激素，具有抗氧化、抗细胞凋亡、神经保护和抗炎特性。它具有穿过血脑屏障的特殊特性。褪黑素对脑外伤和脊髓损伤后中枢神经系统损伤部位具有神经保护作用。许多研究已经成功地证明了其作为神经保护剂治疗神经退行性疾病的治疗价值。在这篇综述中，我们整理了支持中枢神经系统损伤、TBI和SCI后果的文献，以及褪黑激素在其中的保护作用。
Brain and spinal cord are implicated in incidences of two of the most severe injuries of central nervous system (CNS). Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating neurological deficit involving primary and secondary injury cascades. The primary and secondary mechanisms include complex consequences of activation of proinflammatory cytokines, cerebral edema, upregulation of NF-κ β, disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and oxidative stress. Spinal cord injury (SCI) includes primary and secondary injury cascades. Primary injury leads to secondary injury in which generation of free radicals and oxidative or nitrative damage play an important pathophysiological role. The indoleamine melatonin is a hormone secreted or synthesized by pineal gland in the brain which helps to regulate sleep and wake cycle. Melatonin has been shown to be a versatile hormone having antioxidative, antiapoptotic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. It has a special characteristic of crossing BBB. Melatonin has neuroprotective role in the injured part of the CNS after TBI and SCI. A number of studies have successfully shown its therapeutic value as a neuroprotective agent in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Here in this review we have compiled the literature supporting consequences of CNS injuries, TBI and SCI, and the protective role of melatonin in it.