Socioeconomics of Individual Transferable Quotas and Community-Based Fishery Management
Socioeconomics of Individual Transferable Quotas and Community-Based Fishery Management
复制标题
个人可转让配额的社会经济学和社区渔业管理
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
A. Charles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Copes;A. Charles
在世界各地的许多渔业中，集中化、自上而下的管理的失败导致了向共同管理的转变--政府和利益相关者之间的合作和决策共享。这一趋势导致了两种截然不同的共同管理办法-以社区为基础的渔业管理和以市场为基础的个人可转让配额管理-之间的重大辩论。本文探讨了这些模式的相对优点的争论，并进行了两种方法的社会经济分析。本文包括：（1）分析每种制度在结构、哲学性质和基本价值体系方面的差异，包括讨论其对产权的处理;（2）对每种制度对船主、渔民、船员、其他渔业参与者和沿海社区的影响进行社会经济评价，以及渔业参与者之间的收益和成本分配;以及（3）检查通过对养护和渔业可持续性的影响可能产生的间接经济影响。后者涉及（a）保护环境的道德，（B）管理的灵活性，（c）避免浪费，以及（d）执法的效率。该文件强调，需要采取更广泛的办法来分析渔业管理备选方案，这种办法应承认并适当评估选择的多样性，并考虑到渔业与更广泛的社区和区域现实的相互作用。
In many fisheries around the world, the failures of centralized, top-down management have produced a shift toward co-management—collaboration and sharing of decision making between government and stakeholders. This trend has led to a major debate between two very different co-management approaches—community-based fishery management and market-based individual transferable quota management. This paper examines the debate over the relative merits of these models and undertakes a socioeconomic analysis of the two approaches. The paper includes (1) an analysis of differences in the structure, philosophical nature, and underlying value systems of each, including a discussion of their treatment of property rights; (2) a socioeconomic evaluation of the impacts of each system on boat owners, fishers, crew members, other fishery participants, and coastal communities, as well as the distribution of benefits and costs among fishery participants; and (3) examination of indirect economic effects that can occur through impacts on conservation and fishery sustainability. The latter relate to (a) the conservation ethic, (b) the flexibility of management, (c) the avoidance of waste, and (d) the efficiency of enforcement. The paper emphasizes the need for a broader approach to analyzing fishery management options, one that recognizes and properly assesses the diversity of choices, and that takes into account the interaction of the fishery with broader community and regional realities.