Proventriculus (cardia) plays a crucial role in immunity in tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidiae)
Proventriculus (cardia) plays a crucial role in immunity in tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidiae)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ibmb.2003.07.001
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Aksoy, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hao, ZG;Kasumba, I;Aksoy, S
脂肪体和血细胞在无脊椎动物系统性感染的细胞和体液反应中起核心作用，类似于哺乳动物的肝脏和血细胞。上皮表面，特别是中肠，参与初始的局部免疫应答，以帮助介导非自我识别的末端细胞毒性分子的产生。在这里，我们描述了第一次在前肠/中肠交界处的一群细胞的免疫反应-被称为proventriculus（贲门）在医学和农业上的重要昆虫，采采蝇（双翅目：Glossinidae）。我们提供了证据的转录诱导的抗菌肽attacin和防御素以及活性氮中间体（RNI）的一氧化氮合酶（NOS）微生物的挑战后，无论是显微注射或喂养。免疫攻击的果蝇的腺胃也具有较高的NOS和一氧化氮（NO）活性以及增加的活性氧中间体（ROI）、过氧化氢（H2 O2）水平。在包括采采蝇和非洲锥虫在内的几种病媒病原体系统中，已证明在病原体获得之前刺激全身反应可减少疾病传播。此外，已经记录了全身免疫应答的诱导，而病原体仍在中肠环境内分化。虽然局部和全身反应之间密切的分子通讯的证据正在积累，介导这些相互作用的分子信号目前尚不清楚。活性中间体如NO或H2 O2可作为免疫信号用于介导不同昆虫隔室之间的分子通讯。我们讨论了无脊椎动物免疫的前胃的假定作用，并具体推测其锥虫在采采蝇传播的意义。(C)2003 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
Fat body and hemocytes play a central role in cellular and humoral responses for systemic infections in invertebrates, similar to the mammalian liver and blood cells. Epithelial surfaces, in particular the midgut, participate in the initial local immune responses in order to aid in the generation of the terminal cytotoxic molecules that mediate non-self recognition. Here, we describe for the first time the immune responses of a cluster of cells at the foregut/midgut junction-known as proventriculus (cardia) in the medically and agriculturally important insect, tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae). We provide evidence for the transcriptional induction of the antimicrobial peptides attacin and defensin as well as for the reactive nitrogen intermediate (RNI) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) upon microbial challenge by either microinjection or feeding. Proventriculus from immune challenged flies also has higher NOS and nitric oxide (NO) activities as well as increased levels of the reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In several vector pathogen systems, including tsetse flies and African trypanosomes, stimulation of systemic responses prior to pathogen acquisition has been shown to reduce disease transmission. Furthermore, the induction of systemic immune responses has been documented while pathogens are still differentiating within the midgut environment. While evidence for a close molecular communication between the local and systemic responses is accumulating, the molecular signals that mediate these interactions are at present unknown. Reactive intermediates such as NO or H2O2 may function as immunological signals for mediating the molecular communication between the different insect compartments. We discuss the putative role of the proventriculus in invertebrate immunity and specifically speculate on its significance for trypanosome transmission in tsetse. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.