Opioid-overdose laws association with opioid use and overdose mortality
Opioid-overdose laws association with opioid use and overdose mortality
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DOI：
10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.014
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Kral, Alex H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McClellan, Chandler;Lambdin, Barrot H.;Kral, Alex H.
导论.自20世纪90年代以来，政府和非政府组织采取了若干措施，以增加获得阿片类药物过量逆转药物纳洛酮的机会。这些措施包括实施法律，增加外行纳洛酮的获取和过量特定的好撒玛利亚人法律，保护那些报告过量的人免受刑事制裁。这些法律的变化与过量死亡率和非医疗阿片类药物使用的相关性尚不清楚。我们评估了（1）纳洛酮获取法律和（2）过量好撒玛利亚人法律与美国阿片类药物过量死亡率和非医疗阿片类药物使用的关系。我们使用了2000-2014年国家生命统计系统数据，2002-2014年全国药物使用和健康调查数据，和纳洛酮访问法律和过量好撒玛利亚人laws.Results的位置和时间的主要数据集：到2014年，30个州有纳洛酮访问和/或好撒玛利亚人法.具有纳洛酮获取法或好撒玛利亚人法的州阿片类药物过量死亡率分别降低14%（p = 0.033）和15%（p = 0.050）。这两种法律类型都表现出与种族和年龄阿片类药物过量死亡率的差异相关性。任何检查的法律和非医疗阿片类药物use.Conclusions：法律旨在增加外行参与阿片类药物过量逆转与减少阿片类药物过量死亡率之间没有显着的关系。我们没有发现证据表明这些措施与非医疗阿片类药物使用增加有关。
Introduction. Since the 1990's, governmental and non-governmental organizations have adopted several measures to increase access to the opioid overdose reversal medication naloxone. These include the implementation of laws that increase layperson naloxone access and overdose-specific Good Samaritan laws that protect those reporting overdoses from criminal sanction. The association of these legal changes with overdose mortality and non-medical opioid use is unknown. We assess the relationship of (1) naloxone access laws and (2) overdose Good Samaritan laws with opioid-overdose mortality and non-medical opioid use in the United States.Methods: We used 2000-2014 National Vital Statistics System data, 2002-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data, and primary datasets of the location and timing of naloxone access laws and overdose Good Samaritan laws.Results: By 2014, 30 states had a naloxone access and/or Good Samaritan law. States with naloxone access laws or Good Samaritan laws had a 14% (p = 0.033) and 15% (p = 0.050) lower incidence of opioid-overdose mortality, respectively. Both law types exhibit differential association with opioid-overdose mortality by race and age. No significant relationships were observed between any of the examined laws and non-medical opioid use.Conclusions: Laws designed to increase layperson engagement in opioid-overdose reversal were associated with reduced opioid-overdose mortality. We found no evidence that these measures were associated with increased non-medical opioid use.