Thyroid cancer incidence among people living in areas contaminated by radiation from the Chernobyl accident
Thyroid cancer incidence among people living in areas contaminated by radiation from the Chernobyl accident
复制标题
DOI：
10.1097/01.hp.0000279018.93081.29
复制
发表时间：
2007-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Ron, Elaine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ron, Elaine
由于切尔诺贝利核电站事故，大量放射性物质被释放到环境中，生活在白俄罗斯、俄罗斯和乌克兰的大量个人暴露于放射性碘，主要是I-131。碘-131集中在受污染地区居民的甲状腺中，儿童和青少年尤其受到影响。在事故发生后的十年中，在三个受影响国家的受照儿童中观察到甲状腺癌发病率大幅增加，并积累了令人信服的证据，证明儿童甲状腺癌发病率与甲状腺受照之间存在关联。现有数据表明，甲状腺癌风险的程度和模式与外部照射后报告的情况基本一致。根据病例对照研究的数据，碘缺乏似乎增加了切尔诺贝利事故暴露后患甲状腺癌的风险。然而，最近一项大型队列研究的结果并不支持这些发现。关于成人接触的数据有限，而且不完全一致。同样，关于与子宫内接触有关的甲状腺癌风险的信息也不足以得出结论。缺乏关于这两个人口群体的资料表明存在一个需要填补的重要空白。事故发生20年后，儿童或青少年受辐射者中甲状腺癌的发病率仍然很高，而且，如果外部辐射可以作为指导，我们可以预期，在今后几十年内，与辐射有关的甲状腺癌的发病率仍会很高。由于切尔诺贝利对健康的长期影响仍然存在相当大的不确定性，继续跟踪受影响的人口应提供宝贵的信息。
As a result of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident, massive amounts of radioactive materials were released into the environment and large numbers of individuals living in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine were exposed to radioactive iodines, primarily I-131. Iodine-131 concentrated in the thyroid gland of residents of the contaminated areas, with children and adolescents being particularly affected. In the decade after the accident, a substantial increase in thyroid cancer incidence was observed among exposed children in the three affected countries, and compelling evidence of an association between pediatric thyroid cancer incidence and radiation exposure to the thyroid gland accumulated. The data currently available suggest that both the magnitude and patterns of thyroid cancer risk are generally consistent with those reported following external exposure. Based on data from case-control studies, iodine deficiency appeared to enhance the risk of developing thyroid cancer following exposure from Chernobyl. Results from a recent large cohort study, however, did not support these findings. Data on adult exposure are limited and not entirely consistent. Similarly, information on thyroid cancer risks associated with in utero exposure is insufficient to draw conclusions. The lack of information on these two population groups indicates an important gap that needs to be filled. Twenty years after the accident, excess thyroid cancers are still occurring among persons exposed as children or adolescents, and, if external radiation can be used as a guide, we can expect an excess of radiation-associated thyroid cancers for several more decades. Since considerable uncertainties about the long-term health effects from Chernobyl remain, continued follow-up of the exposed populations should provide valuable information.