Hurricane Harvey Storm Sedimentation in the San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas: Fluvial Versus Storm Surge Deposition

Hurricane Harvey Storm Sedimentation in the San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge, Texas: Fluvial Versus Storm Surge Deposition
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德克萨斯州圣伯纳德国家野生动物保护区的飓风哈维风暴沉积:河流沉积与风暴潮沉积

DOI:
10.1007/s12237-019-00639-6
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Dietz, Marianne
Dietz, Marianne
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yao, Qiang;Liu, Kam-Biu;Williams, Harry;Joshi, Sanjeev;Bianchette, Thomas A.;Ryu, Junghyung;Dietz, Marianne

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很少有研究记录了与现代飓风相关的河流侵蚀引起的风暴沉积物的特征。2017年的飓风哈维在德克萨斯州沿海地区引发了大面积洪灾,原因是风暴潮和强降水的共同作用。本研究调查的沉积过程与飓风哈维通过燃烧损失(LOI)和X射线荧光(XRF)分析的9个短芯和17个表面样品收集的圣伯纳德国家野生动物保护区(SBNWR),得克萨斯州。飓风哈维造成了SBNWR过去28年来最大的洪水,圣伯纳德河的淡水泛滥是造成这次洪水泛滥的主要原因。一个明显的冲刷砂层是缺乏在所有的取芯网站,但海水的入侵仍然可以检测到的氯/溴(Cl/Br)的比率最高的沉积物芯。我们的研究表明,Cl/Br比在沿海环境中比在陆地环境中更高,从而证实,这种元素的比例可以被用作一个盐度指标,并作为一个推论,海洋入侵到低盐度环境的证据。随后的淡水泛滥和河流沉积阶段仅在三个岩心中表现为明显的泛滥存款,但在大多数岩心中不存在或不明显。哈维河洪水存款的隐匿性可以通过圣伯纳德河相对较低的流量和悬浮泥沙负荷、该事件存款的不均匀分布以及其与先前洪水事件下伏沉积物的不明显性来解释。
Few studies have documented the characteristics of fluvial flooding-induced storm deposits associated with a modern hurricane. Hurricane Harvey (2017) caused extensive flooding in coastal Texas due to a combination of storm surge and heavy precipitation. This study investigates the depositional process associated with Hurricane Harvey by means of loss-on-ignition (LOI) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses of 9 short cores and 17 surface samples collected from the San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge (SBNWR), Texas. Hurricane Harvey caused the largest flood within SBNWR over the last 28 years, and freshwater flooding from the San Bernard River was the predominant cause of this inundation. A distinct washover sand layer is lacking at all coring sites, but the intrusion of seawater can still be detected by a peak in the chlorine/bromine (Cl/Br) ratio of most sediment cores. Our study shows that Cl/Br ratios are higher in coastal environments than in terrestrial environments, thereby confirming that this elemental ratio can be used as a salinity indicator and, as a corollary, evidence of marine intrusion into lower-salinity environments. The ensuing phase of freshwater flooding and fluvial sedimentation is represented by a distinct flood deposit in only three cores, but is absent or indistinct in most cores. The elusiveness of the Harvey fluvial flood deposit can be explained by the relatively low discharge and suspended sediment load of the San Bernard River, the uneven distribution of this event deposit, and its indistinctiveness with the underlying deposits laid down by previous flood events.
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