Estimating personal PM2.5 exposures using CO measurements in Guatemalan households cooking with wood fuel
Estimating personal PM2.5 exposures using CO measurements in Guatemalan households cooking with wood fuel
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DOI：
10.1039/b916068j
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Smith, Kirk R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Northcross, Amanda;Chowdhury, Zohir;Smith, Kirk R.
作为在危地马拉高地进行的一项纵向研究的一部分，该研究旨在探究烹饪产生的木烟对健康的慢性影响，在19个月的时间里，每3个月对2.5微米颗粒物（PM2.5）和一氧化碳（CO）的平均区域浓度和个人48小时浓度进行测量。监测在63户家庭中进行，其中28户使用传统的露天木柴火，35户使用带烟囱的木质炉灶。本文的目的是使用一氧化碳扩散管的测量值作为替代来估算个人对PM2.5的暴露浓度。一氧化碳管比颗粒物监测设备更便宜且更易于使用，并且所有家庭成员甚至婴儿都可以佩戴。通过比较来自同一位置的两种仪器的测量值来确定PM2.5和一氧化碳的关系。将以ppm为单位的一氧化碳测量值根据温度和压力校正为质量浓度。使用测量浓度建立的以下线性回归模型对PM2.5暴露进行建模：PM2.5（mg/m³）= 0.10（0.093，0.12）×CO（mg/m³）+ 0.067（0.0069，0.13），R² = 0.76。露天柴火和炉灶的单独回归之间未发现显著差异。应用混合统计模型未得到显著改善。该方程用于通过妇女、18个月以下婴儿和48 - 72个月儿童佩戴的一氧化碳管的个人一氧化碳测量值来估算个人对PM2.5的暴露。露天柴火家庭中母亲、婴儿和儿童估计的48小时平均个人PM2.5浓度分别为0.27 ± 0.02、0.20 ± 0.02和0.16 ± 0.02 mg/m³。在烟囱炉灶家庭中，母亲和儿童经历的个人PM2.5浓度分别为0.22 ± 0.03和0.14 ± 0.03 mg/m³。
As a part of a longitudinal study in the highlands of Guatemala to elicit the chronic health effects of wood smoke from cooking, mean area and personal 48 h concentrations of 2.5 mu m particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured every 3 months over 19 months. Monitoring was conducted in 63 households, 28 using traditional open wood fires and 35 using wood cookstoves with chimneys. The goal of this paper is to estimate personal exposure concentrations to PM2.5 using the measurements from CO diffusion tubes as a proxy. CO tubes are cheaper and easier to use than PM-monitoring devices, and can be worn by all family members, even infants. The relationship of PM2.5 and CO was determined by comparing measurements from both co-located instruments. CO measurements in ppm were corrected for temperature and pressure to mass concentrations. PM2.5 exposure was modeled with the following linear regression created using measured concentrations: PM2.5 (mg m(-3)) 0.10 (0.093, 0.12) x CO (mg m(-3)) + 0.067 (0.0069, 0.13), R(2) = 0.76. No significant difference was found between the separate regressions for open fires and cookstoves. No significant improvement was obtained by applying a mixed statistical model. The equation was used to estimate personal exposures of PM2.5 using personal CO measurements from CO tubes worn by women, infants under 18 months, and children 48-72 months. Estimated 48 h mean personal PM2.5 concentrations for mother, infants, and children in open-fire homes were 0.27 +/- 0.02, 0.20 +/- 0.02, and 0.16 +/- 0.02 mg m(-3) respectively. In chimney-stove homes, mothers and children experienced PM2.5 personal concentrations of 0.22 +/- 0.03 and 0.14 +/- 0.03 mg m(-3), respectively.