Truncated seasonal activity patterns of the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus) in central and southern California
Truncated seasonal activity patterns of the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus) in central and southern California
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.10.016
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Briggs, Cheryl J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacDonald, Andrew J.;Briggs, Cheryl J.
在加利福尼亚州中部和南部调查了寻找寄主的西部黑腿蜱（太平洋硬蜱）的季节性活动模式和密度。多年来，我们在圣巴巴拉县的两个地点和洛杉矶县的一个地点每周到每月进行一次药物采样。太平洋 I. pacificus 成虫在冬季（11 月下旬）开始活跃，到 4 月下旬至 5 月初则很少或消失。若虫蜱在二月上旬至下旬开始活跃，五月初至六月初消失，并且在整个季节性活动高峰期使用拖动方法时很少遇到。幼虫蜱在季节早些时候开始活跃，或与若虫同时活跃（二月初至下旬），并在五月初消失。这些结果表明，相对于在莱姆病流行的加利福尼亚州西北部观察到的模式，加利福尼亚州中部和南部的太平洋蜱季节性探寻活动的时期高度缩短，特别是在幼蜱阶段。值得注意的是，幼年阶段的探寻活动高度缩短的时期对病原体传播动态具有重要意义，因为水平传播的病原体仅存在一个短暂的窗口，可以被一个蜱群获得，并随后通过宿主传播到该系统中的下一个蜱群。观察到的更广泛的模式还表明，在加利福尼亚州中部和南部，人类感染蜱传疾病的风险较低，并且在预计的气候变化下，对美国西部更广泛的蜱传疾病风险的降低具有影响。 (C) 2015 爱思唯尔有限公司。版权所有。
Patterns of seasonal activity and density of host-seeking western blacklegged ticks, Ixodes pacificus, were investigated in central and southern California. Weekly to monthly drag sampling was undertaken at two sites in Santa Barbara County and one site in Los Angeles County over multiple years. Adult I. pacificus became active in the winter (late November) and were rare or absent by late April to early May. Nymphal ticks became active in early to late February, were absent by early May to early June, and were rarely encountered using the drag method throughout their period of peak seasonal activity. Larval ticks became active earlier in the season, or at the same time as nymphs (early to late February) and were absent by early May. These results suggest a highly truncated period of I. pacificus seasonal questing activity, particularly apparent in the juvenile tick stages, in central and southern California relative to observed patterns in Lyme-endemic northwestern California. Notably, the highly truncated period of questing activity of the juvenile stages has important implications for pathogen transmission dynamics in that there exists only a brief window for horizontally transmitted pathogens to be acquired by one tick cohort and subsequently transmitted, through hosts, to the next tick cohort in this system. The broader patterns observed also suggest low human risk of tick-borne disease in central and southern California, and have implications for reduced tick-borne disease risk in the western US more generally under projected climate change. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.