Hurricane-induced selection on the morphology of an island lizard
Hurricane-induced selection on the morphology of an island lizard
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-018-0352-3
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发表时间：
2018-08-02
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Losos, Jonathan B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donihue, Colin M.;Herrel, Anthony;Losos, Jonathan B.
飓风具有灾难性的破坏力。除了对人类生命和生计造成损失外，飓风对生态系统也有巨大且往往是长期的影响（1-2）。尽管有许多飓风后大规模死亡事件的例子（3-5），飓风引起的自然选择以前没有被证明。就在我们完成了对Anolis scriptus的调查之后-一种常见的小型蜥蜴，遍布特克斯和凯科斯群岛-我们的研究种群受到飓风Irma和Maria的袭击。此后不久，我们重新访问了种群，以确定是否与附着能力有关的形态特征在6周内发生了变化，并发现幸存蜥蜴的种群在体型、相对肢体长度和脚趾垫大小方面与风暴前的种群不同。据我们所知，我们的偶然研究是第一次使用前后比较（6）来研究飓风引起的选择，表明飓风可以诱导种群的表型变化，并强烈暗示自然选择是原因。在未来的几十年里，随着极端气候事件预计将变得更加强烈和普遍（7，8），我们对进化动力学的理解需要纳入这些潜在的严重选择性事件的影响（9-11）。
Hurricanes are catastrophically destructive. Beyond their toll on human life and livelihoods, hurricanes have tremendous and often long-lasting effects on ecological systems(1-2). Despite many examples of mass mortality events following hurricanes(3-5), hurricane-induced natural selection has not previously been demonstrated. Immediately after we finished a survey of Anolis scriptus-a common, small-bodied lizard found throughout the Turks and Caicos archipelago-our study populations were battered by Hurricanes Irma and Maria. Shortly thereafter, we revisited the populations to determine whether morphological traits related to clinging capacity had shifted in the intervening six weeks and found that populations of surviving lizards differed in body size, relative limb length and toepad size from those present before the storm. Our serendipitous study, which to our knowledge is the first to use an immediately before and after comparison(6) to investigate selection caused by hurricanes, demonstrates that hurricanes can induce phenotypic change in a population and strongly implicates natural selection as the cause. In the decades ahead, as extreme climate events are predicted to become more intense and prevalent(7,8), our understanding of evolutionary dynamics needs to incorporate the effects of these potentially severe selective episodes(9-11).