Age effects on the temporal evolution of isometric and swallowing pressure
Age effects on the temporal evolution of isometric and swallowing pressure
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DOI：
10.1093/gerona/55.11.m634
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发表时间：
2000-11-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Robbins, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nicosia, MA;Hind, JA;Robbins, J
背景舌头在通过口咽腔推进丸剂中起关键作用。在这项研究中，可能的年龄影响的大小和时间的舌压力的产生进行了分析。在等长和吞咽任务期间测量10名老年人（平均年龄= 81岁）和10名年轻人（平均年龄= 51岁）受试者的口腔压力。每名受试者进行三次试验，每次进行等长任务和吞咽三种不同的丸剂（3 ml半固体、3 ml液体和10 ml液体）。分析等长收缩压和吞咽压力产生的时间和大小沿着吞咽压力波形的模式。最大舌侧等长压力随年龄增长而降低（p <0.001），而吞咽压力无明显年龄差异。在等长任务和吞咽液体药丸中，达到峰值压力所需的时间也随着年龄的增长而减少（p <0.05），而对于半固体吞咽，没有发现明显的年龄效应。最后，只有老年受试者表现出一种吞咽液体压力的模式，其中需要多个语言手势才能达到峰值压力（称为“压力建立”），这种模式在年轻和老年组的半固体中都得到了证实。随着年龄的增长，舌强度降低，加上吞咽压力不变，导致“压力储备”降低，可能使老年人更容易因吞咽系统直接或间接受到损害而发生吞咽困难。此外，吞咽通常随着年龄的增长而“减慢”，这显然是由于中枢和外周因素，并且这种变化可能会对推注流量结果产生影响。
Background. The tongue plays a key role in bolus propulsion through the oropharyngeal chamber. In this study, possible age effects on the magnitude and timing of lingual pressure generation were analyzed.Methods. Oral pressure was measured during isometric and swallowing tasks for 10 elderly (mean age = 81 years) and 10 young (mean age = 51 years) subjects. Three trials each of the isometric task and swallows of three different boluses (3 mi semisolid, 3 mi liquid, and 10 mi liquid) were performed by each subject. The timing and magnitude of isometric and swallowing pressure generation along with the pattern of the swallowing pressure waveform were analyzed.Results. Whereas maximum lingual isometric pressures decreased with age (p < .001), no significant age difference was found for swallowing pressure. Time taken to reach peak pressure also was reduced with age in both the isometric task and swallows of liquid boluses (p < .05), while no significant age effect was found for semisolid swallows. Finally, only elderly subjects showed a pattern of liquid swallowing pressure generation in which multiple lingual gestures were required to reach peak pressure (termed "pressure building"), a pattern demonstrated by both young and elderly groups for semisolids.Conclusions. Decreased lingual strength with age combined with unchanging swallowing pressure leads to a decreased "pressure reserve," perhaps leaving older individuals more at risk for dysphagia resulting from insults directly or indirectly to the swallowing system. Additionally, swallowing is generally "slowed" with age, apparently due to both central and peripheral factors, and this change may have an impact on bolus flow outcomes.