ANCESTRY-CONSTRAINED PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS SUPPORTS THE INDO-EUROPEAN STEPPE HYPOTHESIS
ANCESTRY-CONSTRAINED PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS SUPPORTS THE INDO-EUROPEAN STEPPE HYPOTHESIS
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DOI：
10.1353/lan.2015.0005
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Garrett, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chang, Will;Cathcart, Chundra;Garrett, Andrew
关于印欧语起源和传播的讨论集中在两个假设上。来自重建词汇的定性证据以及与考古数据的相关性表明，印欧语言起源于东欧-里海草原，并与与畜牧业相关的文化创新一起传播，始于公元 1700 年。 6500-5500 BP。另一种假设认为，印欧语言是随着安纳托利亚农业的传播而传播的。 9500-8000 BP，得到词汇特征的统计系统发育和系统发育地理学分析的支持。因此，印欧语系祖先语言的时间和地点仍然存在争议。在这里，我们提出了一种系统发育分析，其中祖先限制允许根据观察到的古代或中世纪语言及其现代后代之间的变化更准确地推断变化率，并且我们表明结果强烈支持草原假说。设定祖先限制还表明，同质性在词汇特征中很常见，这与之前工作的假设相反。我们表明，由于语义和形态变化的重复模式，词汇特征经历了循环演化。*
Discussion of Indo-European origins and dispersal focuses on two hypotheses. Qualitative evidence from reconstructed vocabulary and correlations with archaeological data suggest that Indo-European languages originated in the Pontic-Caspian steppe and spread together with cultural innovations associated with pastoralism, beginning c. 6500-5500 BP. An alternative hypothesis, according to which Indo-European languages spread with the diffusion of farming from Anatolia, beginning c. 9500-8000 BP, is supported by statistical phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of lexical traits. The time and place of the Indo-European ancestor language therefore remain disputed. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis in which ancestry constraints permit more accurate inference of rates of change, based on observed changes between ancient or medieval languages and their modern descendants, and we show that the result strongly supports the steppe hypothesis. Positing ancestry constraints also reveals that homoplasy is common in lexical traits, contrary to the assumptions of previous work. We show that lexical traits undergo recurrent evolution due to recurring patterns of semantic and morphological change.*