Sensitive Topics and Reluctant Respondents Demonstrating a Link between Nonresponse Bias and Measurement Error
Sensitive Topics and Reluctant Respondents Demonstrating a Link between Nonresponse Bias and Measurement Error
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敏感话题和不情愿的受访者证明了不答复偏差和测量误差之间的联系
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发表时间：
2010
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Cleo D. Redline
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作者：
R. Tourangeau;R. Groves;Cleo D. Redline
调查研究人员长期以来一直推测，不回应和测量错误之间可能存在联系——也就是说，那些可能成为不回应调查的人，如果他们参与了调查，也可能成为糟糕的记者。然而，令人惊讶的是，几乎没有证据表明这种联系。无反应通常是一组因素和报告错误的产物，也可能是一组不相关的因素和报告错误的产物，或者无反应和报告错误都是特定于项目的，因此两者之间不可能出现一般的关系。我们的研究考察了一种情况，在这种情况下，我们认为在反应倾向和给出不准确答案的倾向之间存在联系。我们要求选民和非选民参加一项调查，其中包括有关投票的项目。过去的研究表明，不投票的人会错误地报告这一事实，而且他们比一般选民更不可能参与调查。我们认为，如果我们将调查定性为政治调查，就可以在回复率和误报程度上扩大选民和非选民之间的差异。然而，当调查的主题被描述为政治时，只有非反应偏差更大，而且这种差异只是轻微显著。这两种构建研究框架的方法对从问卷中其他项目得出的估计的影响甚至更小。从投票项目中得出的估计的总体偏差是非常大的，无响应和测量误差都有助于它们。
Survey researchers have long speculated that there may be a link between nonresponse and measurement error—that is, people likely to become nonrespondents to a survey are also likely to make poor reporters if they do take part. Still, there is surprisingly little evidence of such a link. It could be that nonresponse is generally the product of one set of factors and reporting errors, the product of an unrelated set, or both nonresponse and reporting errors may be item-specific so that no general relationship between the two is likely to emerge. Our study examined a situation in which we thought there would be a link between response propensities and the propensity to give inaccurate answers. We asked samples of voters and nonvoters to take part in a survey that included items about voting. Past research shows that nonvoters misreport that fact and that they are less likely than voters in general to take part in surveys. We thought we could heighten the differences between voters and nonvoters in both response rates and levels of misreporting if we characterized the survey as being about politics. However, only nonresponse biases were larger when the topic of the survey was described as political, and this difference was only marginally significant. These two ways of framing the study had even smaller effects on estimates derived from other items in the questionnaire. The overall biases in estimates derived from the voting items are very substantial, and both nonresponse and measurement error contribute to them.