Linking global turnover of species and environments
Linking global turnover of species and environments
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0803524105
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发表时间：
2008-11-18
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Jetz, Walter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buckley, Lauren B.;Jetz, Walter
物种更替模式对于生物多样性地理和由此产生的保护挑战至关重要，但在广泛的范围内仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们采用第一个空间明确的全球视角来将物种和环境的空间周转联系起来。我们比较了主要变温脊椎动物（两栖动物）和恒温动物（鸟类）对空间环境梯度的反应。我们发现，无论环境周转率如何，都会发生高水平的物种周转，但环境周转为物种周转提供了下限。随着热带地区的环境更替，这个下限会急剧增加。虽然鸟类和两栖动物的周转率相关，但两栖动物的周转率比鸟类高四倍。这与鸟类的平均地理范围比两栖动物的平均地理范围更大的因素相同。范围狭窄的鸟类表现出与两栖动物相似的快速物种更替率，而范围广泛的鸟类则在很大程度上推动了鸟类更替的总体模式。我们证实环境对物种更替的强烈影响是由范围大小和区域历史介导的。与物种丰富度的地理模式相反，我们发现一个群体（两栖动物）的更替比环境更能预测另一类（鸟类）的更替。这一结果证实了两栖动物对环境条件的敏感性对于周转模式的作用，并支持它们作为替代群体的价值。这种对环境周转的空间明确分析为不断变化的环境中的保护规划提供了理解。
Patterns of species turnover are central to the geography of biodiversity and resulting challenges for conservation, but at broad scales remain relatively little understood. Here, we take a first spatially-explicitly and global perspective to link the spatial turnover of species and environments. We compare how major groups of vertebrate ectotherms (amphibians) and endotherms (birds) respond to spatial environmental gradients. We find that high levels of species turnover occur regardless of environmental turnover rates, but environmental turnover provides a lower bound for species turnover. This lower bound increases more steeply with environmental turnover in tropical realms. While bird and amphibian turnover rates are correlated, the rate of amphibian turnover is four times steeper than bird rates. This is the same factor by which average geographic ranges of birds are larger than those of amphibians. Narrow-ranged birds exhibit rapid rates of species turnover similar to those for amphibians, while wide-ranged birds largely drive the aggregate patterns of avian turnover. We confirm a strong influence of the environment on species turnover that is mediated by range sizes and regional history. In contrast to geographic patterns of species richness, we find that the turnover in one group (amphibians) is a much better predictor for the turnover in another (birds) than is environment. This result confirms the role of amphibian sensitivity to environmental conditions for patterns of turnover and supports their value as a surrogate group. This spatially-explicit analysis of environmental turnover provides understanding for conservation planning in changing environments.