Why Resilience Matters - the Poverty Impacts of Disasters
Why Resilience Matters - the Poverty Impacts of Disasters
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为什么复原力很重要 - 灾害对贫困的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jun Rentschler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jun Rentschler
本文提供的经验证据表明，不利的自然事件对贫困造成了深远和长期的损害。它根据收入群体分析了30年来灾害(包括地震、洪水和风暴)造成的宏观损害数据，并显示出低收入国家相对于其资产造成的损害不成比例地大。此外，本文还回顾了灾害对最贫困家庭生计影响的微观证据。有证据表明，穷人更容易受到灾害造成的经济和人力资本损失的影响。它讨论了对穷人的收入和福利的有害的长期后果，以及由于对生产性资产、健康和教育的损害而导致的贫困陷阱的存在。此外，还讨论了迁移和事前行为的作用。在气候变化方面，文件强调必须考虑较小但反复发生的危机的不利影响，例如由当地降水模式变化造成的影响。最后，该文件简要讨论了加强复原力的政策选择，并强调需要进行进一步研究，以了解灾害对穷人的复杂直接和间接影响。
This paper presents empirical evidence of the profound and long-term damages from adverse natural events on poverty. It analyzes 30 years of macro-level damage data from disasters (including earthquakes, floods, and storms), according to income groups, and shows that low-income countries incur disproportionately large damages relative to their assets. Furthermore, the paper reviews the micro-level evidence of disaster impacts on the livelihoods of the poorest households. The evidence suggests that the poor are significantly more vulnerable and exposed to the economic and human capital losses caused by disasters. It discusses detrimental long-term consequences for the income and welfare of the poor and the presence of poverty traps that result from damages to productive assets, health, and education. The roles of migration and ex-ante behavior are also discussed. In the context of climate change, the paper underscores the importance of considering the detrimental impacts of smaller but repeated crises, for instance caused by changes in local precipitation patterns. Lastly, the paper offers a brief discussion of policy options for strengthening resilience and highlights the need for further research for understanding the complex direct and indirect effects of disasters on the poor.