Somatosensory changes associated with motor skill learning
Somatosensory changes associated with motor skill learning
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00497.2019
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Block, Hannah J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mirdamadi, Jasmine L.;Block, Hannah J.
试错运动适应与躯体感觉可塑性和本体感觉（肢体位置感）的变化有关。感觉加工在运动技能学习中的作用还不太清楚。与适应不同，技能学习涉及在没有扰动的情况下获得新的运动模式，其性能受到速度-准确性权衡的限制。本研究从行为和神经生理两个层面探讨了运动技能学习过程中躯体感觉的变化。28名健康的年轻人练习了一项迷宫追踪任务，引导机器人通过一个不规则的二维轨道，该轨道具有几个突然的转弯。练习在第1天和第2天进行。在第1天和第3天的练习前对技能进行评估，这些评估之间的速度-准确性函数的变化表明了学习。本体感觉功能进行了量化与被动的两个选择强迫选择任务。在15名参与者的一个子集中，我们测量了短潜伏期传入抑制（SAI）指数体感投射到运动皮层。我们发现，运动训练提高了速度-准确性技能功能（F-4，F-108 = 32.15，P < 0.001），并与保持时本体感觉敏感性的改善相关（t（22）= 24.75，P = 0.0031）。此外，训练后SAI增加（F-1，F-14 = 5.41，P = 0.036）。有趣的是，SAI增加较大的个体，反映了对运动皮层的体感传入增强，表现出运动技能学习的较大改善。这些结果提示SA-1可能是运动技能学习某些方面的重要功能机制。还需要进一步的研究来测试哪些参数（任务复杂度，练习时间等）。特别与躯体感觉功能有关。新&值得注意的是，躯体感觉处理与运动适应有关，在运动适应中，表现会从力场等干扰中恢复。我们研究了运动技能学习过程中的体感功能，在没有干扰的情况下获得了一种新的运动模式。在技能训练后，我们发现本体感觉和短潜伏期传入抑制（SAI）的变化，标志着躯体感觉在行为和神经生理水平的变化。SAI可能是个体学习运动技能的重要功能机制。
Trial and error motor adaptation has been linked to somatosensory plasticity and shifts in proprioception (limb position sense). The role of sensory processing in motor skill learning is less understood. Unlike adaptation, skill learning involves the acquisition of new movement patterns in the absence of perturbation, with performance limited by the speed-accuracy trade-off. We investigated somatosensory changes during motor skill learning at the behavioral and neurophysiological levels. Twenty-eight healthy young adults practiced a maze-tracing task, guiding a robotic manipulandum through an irregular twodimensional track featuring several abrupt turns. Practice occurred on days I and 2. Skill was assessed before practice on day 1 and again on day 3, with learning indicated by a shift in the speed-accuracy function between these assessments. Proprioceptive function was quantified with a passive two-alternative forced-choice task. In a subset of 15 participants, we measured short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) to index somatosensory projections to motor cortex. We found that motor practice enhanced the speed-accuracy skill function (F-4,F-108 = 32.15, P < 0.001) and was associated with improved proprioceptive sensitivity at retention (t(22) = 24.75, P = 0.0031). Furthermore, SAI increased after training (F-1,F-14 = 5.41, P = 0.036). Interestingly, individuals with larger increases in SAI, reflecting enhanced somatosensory afference to motor cortex, demonstrated larger improvements in motor skill learning. These.findings suggest that SA-.1 may he an important functional mechanism for some aspect of motor skill learning. Further research is needed to test what parameters (task complexity, practice time, etc.) are specifically linked to somatosensory function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Somatosensory processing has been implicated in motor adaptation, where performance recovers from a perturbation such as a force field. We investigated somatosensory function during motor skill learning, where a new motor pattern is acquired in the absence of perturbation. After skill practice, we found changes in proprioception and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), signifying somatosensory change at both the behavioral and neurophysiological levels. SAI may he an important functional mechanism by which individuals learn motor skills.