The statistical determinants of adaptation rate in human reaching
The statistical determinants of adaptation rate in human reaching
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DOI：
10.1167/8.4.20
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Banks, Martin S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burge, Johannes;Ernst, Marc O.;Banks, Martin S.
快速到达目标通常是准确的，但也包含随机和系统误差。随机误差来自视觉测量、运动规划和伸展执行中的噪声。系统误差是由目标位置的视觉估计和到达目标所需的运动指令之间的映射的系统变化引起的。例如，在一个实施例中，新眼镜，肌肉疲劳）。人类通过重新校准视觉系统来保持准确的接触，但没有广泛接受的计算模型。给定某些边界条件，统计上最优的解决方案是卡尔曼滤波器。我们比较了人类和卡尔曼滤波器的行为，以确定人类如何考虑误差的统计特性以及测量这些误差的可靠性。在大多数情况下，人类和卡尔曼滤波器的行为是相似的：增加测量不确定性导致类似的降低重新校准率;方向不对称的不确定性导致不同的利率在不同的方向;更多的变化，系统误差增加重新校准率。然而，行为在一个方面有所不同：通过扰动反馈位置来插入随机误差会导致卡尔曼滤波器的适应速度较慢，但对人类没有影响。这种差异可能是由于生物系统如何对环境统计数据的变化做出反应。我们讨论这项工作的影响。
Rapid reaching to a target is generally accurate but also contains random and systematic error. Random errors result from noise in visual measurement, motor planning, and reach execution. Systematic error results from systematic changes in the mapping between the visual estimate of target location and the motor command necessary to reach the target (e. g., new spectacles, muscular fatigue). Humans maintain accurate reaching by recalibrating the visuomotor system, but no widely accepted computational model of the process exists. Given certain boundary conditions, a statistically optimal solution is a Kalman filter. We compared human to Kalman filter behavior to determine how humans take into account the statistical properties of errors and the reliability with which those errors can be measured. For most conditions, human and Kalman filter behavior was similar: Increasing measurement uncertainty caused similar decreases in recalibration rate; directionally asymmetric uncertainty caused different rates in different directions; more variation in systematic error increased recalibration rate. However, behavior differed in one respect: Inserting random error by perturbing feedback position causes slower adaptation in Kalman filters but had no effect in humans. This difference may be due to how biological systems remain responsive to changes in environmental statistics. We discuss the implications of this work.