Is the Environment Near Home and School Associated with Physical Activity and Adiposity of Urban Preschool Children?
Is the Environment Near Home and School Associated with Physical Activity and Adiposity of Urban Preschool Children?
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DOI：
10.1007/s11524-011-9604-3
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Rundle, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lovasi, Gina S.;Jacobson, Judith S.;Rundle, Andrew
预防儿童久坐行为和肥胖已成为公共卫生的优先事项。我们在纽约市对428名来自低收入家庭的学龄前儿童进行了城市社会和建筑环境特征与身体活动和人体测量的相关性研究。我们测量了孩子们的身高，体重，皮褶厚度，通过加速度计的身体活动，和协变量。我们对家庭和Head Start中心地址进行了地理编码，并使用详细的地理数据库对这两个位置0.5公里范围内的区域进行了以下估计：社区组成，步行性，犯罪和交通安全以及美学特征。广义估计方程被用来检查与体力活动或肥胖症，调整的儿童，母亲和家庭的特点的区域特性的关联。参与者为2-5岁，53%为女性，83%为西班牙裔，43%为超重或肥胖。在可步行性指标中，土地利用混合与身体活动相关（混合土地利用中每增加一个标准差，每分钟增加26个活动计数，p = 0.015），地铁站密度与肥胖相关（地铁站密度每增加一个标准差，皮褶厚度总和减少1.2 mm，p = 0.001）。交通安全问题的一个指标-汽车伤害率与体力活动和肥胖有关（每分钟减少16次活动，p = 0.033，汽车伤害每增加一个标准差，皮褶厚度增加1.0 mm，p = 0.018）。生活在有更多行道树的地区的儿童身体活动更频繁，而生活在有更多公园通道的地区的儿童皮肤褶皱更小。然而，许多测试的关联在统计学上并不显著，一些趋势也不在假设的方向上。在当地环境中努力提高步行性、安全性和绿色空间可能与身体活动和肥胖有关，因此与低收入家庭学龄前儿童的健康有关。
Preventing sedentary behavior and adiposity in childhood has become a public health priority. We examined urban social and built environment characteristics as correlates of physical activity and anthropometry among 428 preschool children from low-income families in New York City. We measured the children's height, weight, skinfold thicknesses, physical activity by accelerometer, and covariates. We geocoded home and Head Start center addresses and estimated the following for an area within 0.5 km of those two locations using a detailed geographic database: neighborhood composition, walkability, crime and traffic safety, and aesthetic characteristics. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the associations of area characteristics with physical activity or adiposity, adjusted for characteristics of the child, mother, and home. Participants were 2-5 years old, 53% female, 83% Hispanic, and 43% either overweight or obese. Of the walkability indicators, land use mix was associated with physical activity (26 more activity counts/minute per standard deviation increase in mixed land use, p = 0.015) and subway stop density was associated with adiposity (1.2 mm smaller sums of skinfold thicknesses sum per standard deviation increase in subway stop density, p = 0.001). The pedestrian-auto injury rate, an indicator of traffic safety problems, was associated with physical activity and adiposity (16 fewer activity counts/minute, p = 0.033, and 1.0 mm greater skinfold thickness per standard deviation increase in pedestrian-auto injuries, p = 0.018). Children living in areas with more street trees were more physically active and those living in areas with more park access had smaller skinfolds. However, many of the tested associations were not statistically significant and some trends were not in the hypothesized direction. Efforts to enhance walkability, safety, and green spaces in the local environment may be relevant to physical activity and adiposity, and therefore to the health of preschool-aged children from low-income families.