Noninvasive Monitoring of Respiratory Viruses in Wild Chimpanzees
Noninvasive Monitoring of Respiratory Viruses in Wild Chimpanzees
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DOI：
10.1007/s10393-010-0340-z
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Leendertz, Fabian H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koendgen, Sophie;Schenk, Svenja;Leendertz, Fabian H.
为了诊断野生类人猿的呼吸道疾病，需要非侵入性诊断方法。因此，我们分析了来自科特迪瓦塔国家公园的习惯黑猩猩的粪便样本。样本是在四次不同的爆发期间收集的：两次病因已知（2004年3月和2006年2月），两次病因未知（2004年10月和2005年8月）。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）筛查粪便样本中是否存在人偏肺病毒（HMPV）和人呼吸道合胞病毒（HRSV），这两种副粘病毒先前在因呼吸道疾病死亡的黑猩猩的肺组织中发现。在2004年3月的疫情爆发中，72%的受检者HMPV呈阳性，而在2006年的疫情期间，25%的受检者HRSV呈阳性。在之前未知致病病原体的疫情暴发中，粪便样本的 HRSV 或 HMPV 检测呈阳性，表明发生了再感染。生成病毒序列并与之前在组织中发现的序列进行比较；在组织和粪便样本中发现了几乎相同的病毒序列。这些结果表明，爆发期间收集的粪便样本可用于 HMPV 和 HRSV 的诊断和系统发育分析。使用此类诊断工具，对野生类人猿呼吸道疾病暴发进行系统性非侵入性疾病调查成为可能。这里介绍的方法也可用于研究类人猿和其他物种的进一步急性疾病。
To diagnose respiratory disease among wild great apes, there is a need for noninvasive diagnostic methods. Therefore, we analyzed fecal samples from habituated chimpanzees from Ta < National Park, Cte d'Ivoire. Samples had been collected during four distinct outbreaks: two with known aetiology (March 2004 and February 2006) and two with unknown aetiology (October 2004 and August 2005). Fecal samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), two paramyxoviruses previously found in lung tissue of chimpanzees that died due to respiratory disease. In the March 2004 outbreak, 72% of the tested individuals were positive for HMPV, and during the 2006 epidemic, 25% tested HRSV-positive. In the outbreaks where no causative pathogen was previously known, fecal samples tested positive for either HRSV or HMPV, showing that reinfection occurred. Virus sequences were generated and compared with sequences previously found in tissue; nearly identical virus sequences in both tissue and fecal samples were found. These results demonstrate that fecal samples collected during outbreak times can be used for the diagnostic and phylogenetic analysis of HMPV and HRSV. Using such diagnostic tools, systematic noninvasive disease investigation of respiratory outbreaks in wild great apes becomes possible. The methods presented here may also be applied for the investigation of further acute diseases in great apes and other species.