Long-term antibiotic exposure in soil is associated with changes in microbial community structure and prevalence of class 1 integrons
Long-term antibiotic exposure in soil is associated with changes in microbial community structure and prevalence of class 1 integrons
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DOI：
10.1093/femsec/fiw159
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Gaze, William H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cleary, David W.;Bishop, Alistair H.;Gaze, William H.
抗菌素耐药性是全球医学界面临的最重大挑战之一，可归因于抗生素的使用和误用。这包括用作生长促进剂或用于预防和治疗集约化养殖牲畜的细菌感染，抗生素可作为粪便中的残留物进入环境。我们描述了长期单独使用兽用抗生素混合物(泰乐菌素、磺胺二甲嘧啶和金霉素)对1类整合子流行率和土壤微生物区系组成的影响。1类整合子流行率显著增加(P<；0.005)，从对照样本的0.006%增加到处理样地的0.064%。利用16S rRNA基因测序对土壤微生物区系进行了分析，发现土壤微生物区系组成发生了显著变化。在19个显著不同(P<；0.05)的OTU中，有16个属于变形杆菌类，与对照样地相比，这些细菌的丰度有所下降。只有一种蓝藻的OTU数量显著增加；考虑到这一类别对抗生素的公认敏感性，这是一个令人好奇的问题。我们推测，相对丰度显著下降的OTU中变形杆菌的过度表达，加上整合子流行率的增加，可能代表着对这些分类群的强大选择压力。我们表明，长期向土壤中添加抗生素增加了抗生素耐药性基因的水平，并改变了存在的细菌的数量和类型。我们表明，长期向土壤中添加抗生素增加了抗生素耐药性基因的水平，并改变了存在的细菌的数量和类型。
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most significant challenges facing the global medical community and can be attributed to the use and misuse of antibiotics. This includes use as growth promoters or for prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial infection in intensively farmed livestock from where antibiotics can enter the environment as residues in manure. We characterised the impact of the long-term application of a mixture of veterinary antibiotics alone (tylosin, sulfamethazine and chlortetracycline) on class 1 integron prevalence and soil microbiota composition. Class 1 integron prevalence increased significantly (P < 0.005) from 0.006% in control samples to 0.064% in the treated plots. Soil microbiota was analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and revealed significant alterations in composition. Of the 19 significantly different (P < 0.05) OTUs identified, 16 were of the Class Proteobacteria and these decreased in abundance relative to the control plots. Only one OTU, of the Class Cyanobacteria, was shown to increase in abundance significantly; a curiosity given the established sensitivity of this class to antibiotics. We hypothesise that the overrepresentation of Proteobacteria as OTUs that decreased significantly in relative abundance, coupled with the observations of an increase in integron prevalence, may represent a strong selective pressure on these taxa.We showed that the long-term addition of antibiotics into soils increased the level of antibiotic resistance genes and altered the number and types of bacteria present.We showed that the long-term addition of antibiotics into soils increased the level of antibiotic resistance genes and altered the number and types of bacteria present.