Does Vaping in E-Cigarette Advertisements Affect Tobacco Smoking Urge, Intentions, and Perceptions in Daily, Intermittent, and Former Smokers?
Does Vaping in E-Cigarette Advertisements Affect Tobacco Smoking Urge, Intentions, and Perceptions in Daily, Intermittent, and Former Smokers?
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DOI：
10.1080/10410236.2014.993496
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发表时间：
2016-01-02
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Cappella, Joseph N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maloney, Erin K.;Cappella, Joseph N.
电子烟广告中对电子烟的视觉描述可能会成为吸烟者和前吸烟者的吸烟提示，增加吸烟的冲动和吸烟行为，并降低自我效能、态度和戒烟或戒烟的意图。在评估吸烟的基线冲动后，301 名日常吸烟者、272 名间歇性吸烟者和 311 名前吸烟者被随机分配观看三个带有电子烟视觉效果（提示条件）或不带电子烟视觉效果（无提示条件）的电子烟广告，或回答不相关的媒体使用问题（无广告条件）。然后，参与者回答了一份后测问卷，评估感兴趣的结果变量。相对于其他条件，在提示条件下，每天吸烟的人报告说，在实验期间吸烟的冲动更大，并且实际吸烟的发生率略高。处于提示条件下的前吸烟者报告的戒烟意愿低于其他条件下的前吸烟者。不同条件下的间歇性吸烟者之间没有出现显着差异。这些数据表明，电子烟广告中对电子烟的视觉描述会增加日常吸烟者吸烟的冲动，并可能导致更多实际的吸烟行为。对于戒烟者来说，广告中的这些暗示可能会破坏戒烟努力。间歇性吸烟者似乎对这些暗示没有反应。与提示条件相比，无提示和无广告条件下的参与者之间缺乏显着差异，这表明电子烟和电子烟的视觉描绘起到了吸烟提示的作用，而提示反应性是获得这些效果的机制。
Visual depictions of vaping in electronic cigarette advertisements may serve as smoking cues to smokers and former smokers, increasing urge to smoke and smoking behavior, and decreasing self-efficacy, attitudes, and intentions to quit or abstain. After assessing baseline urge to smoke, 301 daily smokers, 272 intermittent smokers, and 311 former smokers were randomly assigned to view three e-cigarette commercials with vaping visuals (the cue condition) or without vaping visuals (the no-cue condition), or to answer unrelated media use questions (the no-ad condition). Participants then answered a posttest questionnaire assessing the outcome variables of interest. Relative to other conditions, in the cue condition, daily smokers reported greater urge to smoke a tobacco cigarette and a marginally significantly greater incidence of actually smoking a tobacco cigarette during the experiment. Former smokers in the cue condition reported lower intentions to abstain from smoking than former smokers in other conditions. No significant differences emerged among intermittent smokers across conditions. These data suggest that visual depictions of vaping in e-cigarette commercials increase daily smokers' urge to smoke cigarettes and may lead to more actual smoking behavior. For former smokers, these cues in advertising may undermine abstinence efforts. Intermittent smokers did not appear to be reactive to these cues. A lack of significant differences between participants in the no-cue and no-ad conditions compared to the cue condition suggests that visual depictions of e-cigarettes and vaping function as smoking cues, and cue reactivity is the mechanism through which these effects were obtained.