TSPU: Russia's decentralized censorship system
TSPU: Russia's decentralized censorship system
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TSPU:俄罗斯的去中心化审查制度
DOI:
10.1145/3517745.3561461
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ensafi, Roya
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xue, Diwen;Mixon-Baca, Benjamin;ValdikSS;Ablove, Anna;Kujath, Beau;Crandall, Jedidiah R.;Ensafi, Roya
Russia's Sovereign RuNet was designed to build a Russian national firewall. Previous anecdotes and isolated events in the past two years reflected centrally coordinated censorship behaviors across multiple ISPs, suggesting the deployment of "special equipment" in networks, colloquially known as "TSPU". Despite the TSPU comprising a critical part of the technical stack of RuNet, very little is known about its design, its capabilities, or the extent of its deployment.In this paper, we develop novel techniques and run in-country and remote measurements to discover thehow, what,andwhereof TSPU's interference with users' Internet traffic. We identify different types of blocking mechanisms triggered by SNI, IP, and QUIC, and we find the TSPU to be in-path and stateful, and possesses unique state-management characteristics. Using fragmentation behaviors as fingerprints, we identify over one million endpoints in Russia from 650 ASes that are behind TSPU devices and find that 70% of them are at most two hops away from the end IP. Considering that TSPU devices progressed from ideation to deployment in three years, we fear that the emerging TSPU architecture may become a blueprint for other countries with similar network topology.
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DOI:
10.14722/ndss.2020.23099
发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Proceedings 2020 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium
影响因子:
--
作者:
R. Raman;Adrian Stoll;Jakub Dalek;Reethika Ramesh;W. Scott;Roya Ensafi
通讯作者:
Roya Ensafi
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2006
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
Sebastian Wolfgarten
通讯作者:
Sebastian Wolfgarten
影响因子:
--
作者:
Roya Ensafi;Philipp Winter;A. Mueen;Jedidiah R. Crandall
通讯作者:
Roya Ensafi;Philipp Winter;A. Mueen;Jedidiah R. Crandall
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2010
期刊:
Netw. Protoc. Algorithms
影响因子:
--
作者:
Tod Beardsley;Jin Qian
通讯作者:
Jin Qian
DOI:
10.2139/ssrn.399920
发表时间:
2003
期刊:
Asian Law eJournal
影响因子:
--
作者:
Jonathan Zittrain;Benjamin Edelman
通讯作者:
Benjamin Edelman