TSPU: Russia's decentralized censorship system

TSPU: Russia's decentralized censorship system
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TSPU:俄罗斯的去中心化审查制度

DOI:
10.1145/3517745.3561461
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
ACM Internet Measurement Conference
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ensafi, Roya
Ensafi, Roya
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xue, Diwen;Mixon-Baca, Benjamin;ValdikSS;Ablove, Anna;Kujath, Beau;Crandall, Jedidiah R.;Ensafi, Roya

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俄罗斯的主权RuNet旨在建立俄罗斯国家防火墙。过去两年的轶事和孤立事件反映了多个互联网服务提供商集中协调的审查行为,表明在网络中部署了“特殊设备”,俗称“TSPU”。尽管TSPU组成的技术堆栈的RuNet的一个关键部分,很少有人知道它的设计,它的功能,或其deployment.In本文的程度,我们开发了新的技术和运行在国内和远程测量,以发现thow,什么,和哪里的TSPU的干扰用户的互联网流量。我们确定了不同类型的阻塞机制触发SNI,IP和QUIC,我们发现TSPU是在路径和状态,并具有独特的状态管理特性。使用碎片行为作为指纹,我们从TSPU设备后面的650个AS中识别出俄罗斯的100多万个端点,并发现其中70%最多距离终端IP两跳。考虑到TSPU设备在三年内从构思到部署,我们担心新兴的TSPU架构可能会成为其他具有类似网络拓扑的国家的蓝图。
Russia's Sovereign RuNet was designed to build a Russian national firewall. Previous anecdotes and isolated events in the past two years reflected centrally coordinated censorship behaviors across multiple ISPs, suggesting the deployment of "special equipment" in networks, colloquially known as "TSPU". Despite the TSPU comprising a critical part of the technical stack of RuNet, very little is known about its design, its capabilities, or the extent of its deployment.In this paper, we develop novel techniques and run in-country and remote measurements to discover thehow, what,andwhereof TSPU's interference with users' Internet traffic. We identify different types of blocking mechanisms triggered by SNI, IP, and QUIC, and we find the TSPU to be in-path and stateful, and possesses unique state-management characteristics. Using fragmentation behaviors as fingerprints, we identify over one million endpoints in Russia from 650 ASes that are behind TSPU devices and find that 70% of them are at most two hops away from the end IP. Considering that TSPU devices progressed from ideation to deployment in three years, we fear that the emerging TSPU architecture may become a blueprint for other countries with similar network topology.
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