Palatability of invertebrate larvae to corals and sea anemones
Palatability of invertebrate larvae to corals and sea anemones
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00351341
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发表时间：
1996-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Lindquist, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lindquist, N
在关于海洋底栖无脊椎动物不同生殖特征的生态学和进化的辩论和模型中，幼虫死亡风险是一个基本主题。在这些讨论中，捕食通常被认为是幼虫死亡的主要原因。以前的研究，主要集中在浮游幼虫，表明海洋幼虫一般是敏感的，防御能力差，食鱼鱼类和无脊椎动物。幼虫食虫动物的相互作用，涉及更大，更明显的lecithotrophic幼虫，是典型的许多育雏固着无脊椎动物还没有得到很好的研究。这种缺乏不同的幼虫类型的数据，阻碍了测试广泛的概括性海洋幼虫和食饵动物的猎物偏好。这项研究表明，许多加勒比海和温带西大西洋无脊椎动物的lecithotrophic幼虫是令人厌恶的共同发生的珊瑚和海葵。这些幼虫捕食者经常拒绝海绵（9个物种中的6个）、柳珊瑚（9个物种中的7个）、珊瑚（3个物种中的3个）、水螅虫（2个物种中的2个）和苔藓虫的幼虫。三个温带殖民海鞘的幼虫很容易被消耗。捕获的幼虫，但拒绝珊瑚和海葵的生存频率普遍较高，在24个测定20，未受攻击的控制幼虫没有统计学差异。被拒绝的幼虫的变态（当它发生时）的水平也很少有显着不同的未受攻击的控制。这些结果提供了进一步的证据表明，幼虫的适口性捕食者可能不像曾经认为的那样高，特别是无柄殖民地无脊椎动物的育雏幼虫。需要评估幼虫躲避或阻止捕食者的手段，以及对海洋无脊椎动物和无脊椎动物生活史模式演变的人口后果。
Risk of larval mortality is an underlying theme in debates and models concerning the ecology and evolution of the differing reproductive characteristics among marine benthic invertebrates. In these discussions, predation is often assumed to be a major source of larval mortality. Previous studies, focused primarily on planktotrophic larvae, suggested that marine larvae generally were susceptible to, and poorly defended against, planktivorous fishes and invertebrates. Larval-planktivore interactions involving larger and more conspicuous lecithotrophic larvae that are typical of many brooding sessile invertebrates have not been well studied. This lack of data for diverse larval types has hindered testing broad generalities about marine larvae and planktivore prey-preferences. This study demonstrates that lecithotrophic larvae of many Caribbean and temperate western Atlantic invertebrates are distasteful to co-occurring corals and anemones. These larval predators frequently rejected larvae of sponges (6 of 9 species), gorgonians (7 of 9 species), corals (3 of 3 species), hydroids (2 of 2 species) and a bryozoan. Larvae of three temperate colonial ascidians were readily consumed. Frequencies of survivorship for larvae captured but rejected by corals and anemones were generally high and, in 20 of 24 assays, were not statistically different from those of unattacked control larvae. Levels of metamorphosis (when it occurred) of rejected larvae also rarely differed significantly from those of unattacked controls. These results provide further evidence that larval palatability to predators may not be as high as once thought, particularly for brooded larvae of sessile colonial invertebrates. The means by which larvae may avoid or deter predators, and the demographic consequences for marine invertebrates and for the evolution of invertebrate life-history patterns, need to be assessed.