Convict Transportation from Britain and Ireland 1615–1870
Convict Transportation from Britain and Ireland 1615–1870
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英国和爱尔兰的囚犯运输 1615–1870
DOI：
10.1111/j.1478-0542.2010.00722.x
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
Hamish Maxwell‐Stewart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hamish Maxwell‐Stewart
1787年，第一支舰队从不列颠群岛出发，在澳大利亚的植物湾建立了一个惩罚性定居点。到那时，英国政府已经试验了160多年的罪犯运送。这篇文章的目的是将1615年至1870年期间从不列颠群岛向澳大利亚的运输历史置于更广泛的罪犯劳工流动的背景下。它试图利用来自一系列来源的数据绘制图表并解释随着时间的推移被转移的罪犯数量的波动。它还试图探讨将有罪劳工融入跨大西洋市场的不自由劳工如何长期塑造英国的刑事政策。这样的分析有助于解释运输对经历过运输的囚犯产生的不同影响，以及19世纪英国反奴隶制运动对运输的强烈反对。本文从地理上探讨了前往新大陆(特别是巴巴多斯、牙买加、马里兰和弗吉尼亚)、西非、新南威尔士州、范迪曼之地(塔斯马尼亚)、西澳大利亚、百慕大和直布罗陀的交通运输问题。
In 1787, the First Fleet was dispatched from the British Isles to find a penal settlement at Botany Bay, Australia. By this time, the British government had already experimented with convict transportation for over 160 years. The aim of this article is to place the history of transportation to Australia within the context of the wider flow of convict labour from the British Isles in the period 1615 to 1870. Using data from a range of sources it attempts to chart and explain fluctuations in the number of convicts transported over time. It also seeks to explore how the integration of convict labour within the transatlantic market in unfree labour-shaped British penal policy in the long-run. Such an analysis is useful in explaining the differing impacts that transportation had on the prisoners who experienced it and the intensity with which it was opposed in the 19th century by the British anti-slavery movement. Geographically the article explores these issues in relation to transportation to the New World (especially Barbados, Jamaica, Maryland and Virginia), West Africa, New South Wales, Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania), Western Australia, Bermuda and Gibraltar.