Case-based Approaches to Professional Ethics: a systematic comparison of students' and ethicists' moral reasoning
Case-based Approaches to Professional Ethics: a systematic comparison of students' and ethicists' moral reasoning
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DOI：
10.1080/03057240120094869
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Ashley, KD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keefer, M;Ashley, KD
本文提供了一个系统的分析所需的认知过程，在专业领域获得实用的道德推理技能。我们进行了这个NSF支持的研究项目的一部分，以研究基于案例的教学在职业道德和道德推理策略的认知分析之间的关系。使用基于网络的实验设计，我们报告了学生和伦理学家在使用知识和推理方面的显着差异。几乎所有伦理学家和一些学生的协议都大量使用了专门的专业知识，并在其答复中适用的伦理原则中使用了针对具体角色的内容。相比之下，其他学生协议明显更多地使用常识，并应用更普遍的道德原则或呼吁后果，以证明他们的反应。我们的分析表明，某些策略是如何优于其他上级方面确定替代道德问题，评估道德影响的行动，并提供替代的实际解决冲突。调查结果指出，专业知识和特定角色的专业义务在解决职业道德冲突的重要性：同样的知识和“中层”的原则，必要的理解和应用专业道德守则。
This article provides a systematic analysis of the cognitive processes required for acquiring skill in practical ethical reasoning in a professional domain. We undertook this NSF-supported research project in part to study relationships between case-based instruction in professional ethics and cognitive analyses of ethical reasoning strategies. Using a web-based experimental design, we report striking differences in the students' and ethicists' use of knowledge and reasoning. Virtually all of the ethicists and some students' protocols made significant use of specialized professional knowledge and also used role-specific content in the ethical principles applied in their responses. In contrast, other student protocols made significantly more use of common knowledge and applied more general ethical principles or appealed to consequences in the justification of their responses. Our analyses show how certain strategies were superior to others in regard to identifying alternative moral issues, assessing the moral implications of actions, and providing alternative practical resolutions to conflicts. The findings point to the importance of professional knowledge and role-specific professional obligations in resolving professional ethical conflicts: the same knowledge and "middle-level" principles necessary to comprehend and apply professional codes of ethics.