Synergy and contingency as driving forces for the evolution of multiple secondary metabolite production by Streptomyces species
Synergy and contingency as driving forces for the evolution of multiple secondary metabolite production by Streptomyces species
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1934677100
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发表时间：
2003-11-25
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Hopwood, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Challis, GL;Hopwood, DA
在这篇文章中，我们简要地回顾了微生物次级代谢产物的生态作用的理论，并讨论了多个次级代谢产物生产的链霉菌菌株的患病率，突出最近测序的天蓝色链霉菌和阿维链霉菌基因组的分析结果。我们解决这个问题：为什么是多个次级代谢产物的生产链霉菌物种如此普遍？我们认为，协同作用或偶然性的个人代谢物对生物竞争对手的行动，在某些情况下，可能是一个强大的驱动力，为多个次级代谢产物生产的演变。这一论点是说明协同作用的抗生素和偶然作用的铁载体的共同生产的例子：两个众所周知的次级代谢产物。我们特别关注β-内酰胺类抗生素和β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的共同生产，A型和B型链阳性菌素的共同生产，以及链霉菌属中结构不同的铁载体的共同调节生产和独立摄取。多种协同和偶然的代谢产物生产链霉菌物种的演变可能的机制进行了讨论。它的结论是，生产链霉菌属的两个或两个以上的次级代谢产物，协同作用或偶然对生物竞争对手可能是更常见的比以前已经认识到，协同作用和应急可能是共同的驱动力，为这些固着satile satilites的多个次级代谢产物生产的演变。
In this article we briefly review theories about the ecological roles of microbial secondary metabolites and discuss the prevalence of multiple secondary metabolite production by strains of Streptomyces, highlighting results from analysis of the recently sequenced Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces avermitilis genomes. We address this question: Why is multiple secondary metabolite production in Streptomyces species so commonplace? We argue that synergy or contingency in the action of individual metabolites against biological competitors may, in some cases, be a powerful driving force for the evolution of multiple secondary metabolite production. This argument is illustrated with examples of the coproduction of synergistically acting antibiotics and contingently acting siderophores: two well-known classes of secondary metabolite. We focus, in particular, on the coproduction of beta-lactam antibiotics and beta-lactamase inhibitors, the coproduction of type A and type B streptogramins, and the coregulated production and independent uptake of structurally distinct siderophores by species of Streptomyces. Possible mechanisms for the evolution of multiple synergistic and contingent metabolite production in Streptomyces species are discussed. It is concluded that the production by Streptomyces species of two or more secondary metabolites that act synergistically or contingently against biological competitors may be far more common than has previously been recognized, and that synergy and contingency may be common driving forces for the evolution of multiple secondary metabolite production by these sessile saprophytes.