Structural, chemical and biological aspects of antioxidants for strategies against metal and metalloid exposure.
Structural, chemical and biological aspects of antioxidants for strategies against metal and metalloid exposure.
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DOI：
10.4161/oxim.2.4.9112
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发表时间：
2009-09
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Flora SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flora SJ
氧化应激有助于重金属/类金属暴露的病理生理学。某些药物（如螯合疗法）对肾脏的有益作用至少部分取决于减轻氧化应激的能力。各种天然或合成抗氧化剂的施用已被证明有益于预防和减弱金属诱导的生化改变。这些包括维生素、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、α-硫辛酸、褪黑激素、膳食类黄酮和许多其他物质。人类研究在这方面是有限的。令人惊讶的是，在某些条件下，抗氧化剂补充剂可表现出促氧化剂性质，甚至使金属诱导的毒性损伤恶化。到目前为止，没有足够的证据建议在接触金属的受试者中补充抗氧化剂。前瞻性，对照临床试验的安全性和有效性的不同治疗抗氧化剂的策略，无论是单独或与螯合剂组合是必不可少的。本综述着重于抗氧化剂的结构，化学和生物学方面，特别是与其螯合性能。
Oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of exposure to heavy metals/metalloid. Beneficial renal effects of some medications, such as chelation therapy depend at least partially on the ability to alleviate oxidative stress. The administration of various natural or synthetic antioxidants has been shown to be of benefit in the prevention and attenuation of metal induced biochemical alterations. These include vitamins, N-acetylcysteine, α-lipoic acid, melatonin, dietary flavonoids and many others. Human studies are limited in this regard. Under certain conditions, surprisingly, the antioxidant supplements may exhibit pro-oxidant properties and even worsen metal induced toxic damage. To date, the evidence is insufficient to recommend antioxidant supplements in subject with exposure to metals. Prospective, controlled clinical trials on safety and effectiveness of different therapeutic antioxidant strategies either individually or in combination with chelating agent are indispensable. The present review focuses on structural, chemical and biological aspects of antioxidants particularly related to their chelating properties.