MECHANICS OF DORMANCY IN SEEDS
MECHANICS OF DORMANCY IN SEEDS
复制标题
种子休眠机制
DOI：
10.1002/j.1537-2197.1916.tb05406.x
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发表时间：
1916
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
W. Crocker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Crocker
植物的休眠通常存在于种子、孢子和芽这三个器官中。在本文中，我将完全限于讨论种子的休眠，原因有三：对种子休眠的批评和分析工作远多于对其他两个器官的;模糊的相关效应不像芽那样起着突出的作用;我最熟悉这个问题的这个阶段。这篇论文的标题可能意味着我与机械论者结盟，反对活力论者;事实并非如此。生机论者可以理直气壮地说，在生长方面，我们用已知的化学和物理定律所解释的还很少，而在这个基础上或在新发现的定律的基础上，我们还有很多东西要解释，因此，用“生长机制”这个题目来讨论我们对这一过程的认识是很贫乏的。到目前为止，我们必须主要从生理学的角度而不是从机械学的角度来讨论生长。种子休眠的情况则大不相同。在这里，只要工作是分析性的，它表明休眠是由抑制生长之前或伴随生长的一般过程的因素引起的。在温带植物中，种子通常有一个休眠期。霍华德发现，生长在密苏里州哥伦比亚周围的野生和栽培物种中，超过75%的物种都有一个明显的休眠期。野生型的休眠期比栽培型的休眠期更普遍，也更持久。由于栽培方法的选择，在很大程度上以驯化的形式处理了这一特征，这在两个密切相关的物种，野燕麦和燕麦中得到了很好的说明。sativa.2前者是延迟在其发芽，直到春天以下成熟，con-
Dormancy in plants is common in three organs, seeds, spores, and buds. In this paper I shall limit myself entirely to the discussion of dormancy in seeds for three reasons: far more critical and analytical work has been done on dormancy in seeds than upon the other two organs; obscure correlation effects do not play as prominent a part as in buds; and I am best acquainted with this phase of the subject. The title of this paper might imply that I am aligning myself with the mechanists as against the vitalists; such is not the case. The vitalists can justly claim that in growth we have as yet explained so little by known chemical and physical laws and have so much till to explain on this basis or on the basis of newly discovered laws that the title "Mechanism of Growth" would imply a very meager discussion of our knowledge of this process. To date we have to discuss growth mainly in physiological rather than mechanistic terms. The situation is rather different with the dormancy of seeds. Here so far as the work is analytical, it indicates that dormancy is brought about by factors inhibitory to general processes preceding or accompanying growth. In plants of the temperate zone, the seeds generally have a rest period. Howard' finds that more than 75 percent of the species, wild and cultivated, growing around Columbia, Missouri, have a distinct period of dormancy. The rest period is more general and much more persistent among wild than cultivated forms. Selection resulting from methods of cultivation have largely disposed of this character in domesticated forms, as is well illustrated by the two closely related species, Avena fatua and A. sativa.2 The former is delayed in its germination until the spring following ripening, con-