White matter and behavioral neurology
White matter and behavioral neurology
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1340.028
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Filley, CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Filley, CM
虽然对高级大脑功能的研究传统上集中在皮质灰质，但近年来人们认识到，白色物质也对认知和情感做出了重要贡献。白色物质占大脑体积的近一半，在整个生命周期的发育、衰老以及许多神经和精神疾病中起着关键作用。有100多种疾病以白色物质神经病理学为主要或突出特征。这些疾病可能导致各种神经行为综合征;白色物质痴呆的概念已被引入作为许多白色物质受累患者的特征，并且广泛的局灶性神经行为综合征和精神障碍也可能与有髓鞘束功能障碍有关。了解白色物质障碍的神经行为方面对于临床诊断、治疗、预后和脑行为关系的研究是重要的。这些研究的核心是现代神经影像学技术的使用，这些技术已经提供了关于白色物质及其紊乱的表征的大量信息，并承诺通过持续创新进一步推进我们的知识。扩散张量成像是一种令人兴奋的方法，它将有助于识别大脑中的关键白色物质束，并定位与神经行为综合征相关的特定病变。因此，白色物质的行为神经学正在出现，其中临床观察与复杂的神经成像相结合，将能够阐明白色物质连接在分布式神经网络中的作用，从而使更高的大脑功能。
Although the study of higher brain function has traditionally focused on the cortical gray matter, recent years have witnessed the recognition that white matter also makes an important contribution to cognition and emotion. White matter comprises nearly half the brain volume and plays a key role in development, aging, and many neurologic and psychiatric disorders across the life span. More than 100 disorders exist in which white matter neuropathology is the primary or a prominent feature. A variety of neurobehavioral syndromes may result from these disorders; the concept of white matter dementia has been introduced as characteristic of many patients with white matter involvement, and a wide range of focal neurobehavioral syndromes and psychiatric disorders can also be related to dysfunction of myelinated tracts. Understanding the neurobehavioral aspects of white matter disorders is important for clinical diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and research on brain-behavior relationships. Central to these investigations is the use of modern neuroimaging techniques, which have already provided substantial information on the characterization of white matter and its disorders, and which promise to advance our knowledge further with continued innovation. Diffusion tensor imaging is an exciting method that will assist with the identification of critical white matter tracts in the brain, and the localization of specific lesions that can be correlated with neurobehavioral syndromes. A behavioral neurology of white matter is thus emerging in which clinical observation combined with sophisticated neuroimaging will enable elucidation of the role of white matter connectivity in the distributed neural networks subserving higher brain function.