Characteristics of Topograph, Climate and Vegetation around Jagaramogara Wind Cave Basin
Characteristics of Topograph, Climate and Vegetation around Jagaramogara Wind Cave Basin
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贾加拉莫加拉风洞盆地周边地形、气候和植被特征
DOI：
10.2480/agrmet.54.255
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
T. Maki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Maki
1996年至1997年在山形Tendo的Jagaramogara盆地进行了调查。结果表明：(1)大国和下国盆地底部存在风向多变的风洞或风洞，夏季半年（5 ~ 10月）从风洞吹出冷空气，冬季半年（11 ~ 4月）从风洞吸入冷空气。笔者发现，夏季风的入口和冬季风的出口都是由天守西坡崖下区域到村村池上部的落石洞形成的，同样的区域也都是夏季风的入口和冬季风的出口，包括下镜国盆地斜坡区域的上洞。(2)洞内气温5月底为0℃，7 ~ 8月为2 ~ 3℃，相对湿度100%，风速1.5m/s， 10月中下旬最高5.3℃，1月下旬最低-5.4℃。至少在六月之前，风洞里都有冰。夏季从洞口吹来的风，由于冰与空气接触的传热和升华热、熔合热、蒸发热的冷却，温度较低。(3)秋春季气温逆温多出现在夜间，夏季白天气温逆温较为均匀。在适当的条件下，通过加入逆温冷空气湖和从盆地底部孔洞吹出的冷空气，使强冷却持续了较长时间。(4)观测到相对干燥暖流，典型风速较强，为2.0 ~ 2.5m/s。气流从天见山海拔760米处开始吹起，沿着斜坡向下滑动，并与盆地汇合。冷空气湖是通过辐射冷却形成的。热带带出现在海拔560 ~ 570m处。(5)植物剖面与高程相反，靠近盆地下部的半高寒矮化抗旱植物较多。植物种类较多，但洞口数量近年来有所减少。
An investigation was carried out at the Jagaramogara basin in Tendo, Yamagata from 1996 to 1997. Obtained results are as follows:(1) There are wind caves or holes with changeable wind direction, blowing out cool air from the holes in summer half year of May to October and drawing in cold air in winter half year of November to April at the basin bottoms of Ohjigoku and Shimojigoku in Jagaramogara. The author found that the entrances of wind in summer and exits of wind in winter are the stone holes from the region below the cliff of Amayobari west slope to the region fallen down on upper Murakumonoike, and also found that the same regions mentioned above are the entrance in summer and the exit in winter including with the upper holes of the sloped area at Shimojigoku basin.(2) The hole air temperature was observed 0°C at the end of May, 2 to 3°C with relative humidity of 100% and wind speed of 1.5m/s from July to August, maximum of 5.3°C in the middle ten days of October and minimum of -5.4°C in the last ten days of January. There are ices in the wind cave at least until June. The air temperature of blowing wind from the hole in summer is low based on the conduction heat contacted from the ice to air and by cooling of sublimation, fusion and evaporation heats.(3) Inversion of air temperature frequently appeared at night from autumn to spring and is fairly even at the daytime in summer. Strong cooling continued for a long period by adding to the cold air lake with temperature inversion and to cold air blowing out from the holes of basin bottom under a proper condition.(4) The cold air current being relatively dry and warm is observed and typical wind speed is fairly strong of 2.0 to 2.5m/s. The air current starts to blow from the elevation 760m on Amayobari Mt., slides down on the slope and joins in the basin. The cold air lake is developed by radiation cooling. The thermal belt appeared at the elevation of 560 to 570m.(5) The plant profile indicates the reverse distribution to elevation which the semi-alpine plants of dwarfing with cold-drought resistance are found near the lower part of basin. There are many plant species, but the number of holes were decreased recently.