CHARACTERIZING ROCK JOINT GEOMETRY WITH JOINT SYSTEM MODELS
CHARACTERIZING ROCK JOINT GEOMETRY WITH JOINT SYSTEM MODELS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01019674
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发表时间：
1988-01-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
EINSTEIN, HH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DERSHOWITZ, WS;EINSTEIN, HH
岩体节理系统模型是岩体几何特征描述的一个较新的发展。本文的目的是描述目前可用的模型的基础上，模型的地质，几何和岩石力学的影响。通过这种方式，读者不仅可以看到创新的发展，而且还可以看到许多目前可用的岩石几何表征技术的回顾。岩石节理的几何和力学表征是工程地质学家、土木工程师和采矿工程师在处理岩体时大多数工作的基础。此外，这样的表征起着重要的作用，在调查联合成因。然而，由于节理的三维性质及其在露头、钻孔或隧道中的有限暴露，因此很难对节理进行完整描述。节理的理想表征将涉及岩体中每个节理的具体描述，准确定义其几何和力学特性。这是不可能的，原因如下：1）节理的可见部分有限，例如仅限于节理迹线，因此无法进行完整的观察; 2）距离暴露岩石表面一定距离的节理无法直接观察; 3）直接（视觉或接触测量）和间接（地球物理）观察的准确性有限。由于这些原因，岩体中的节理通常被描述为一个集合体，而不是单独的。该组合具有随机性，其节理特征在空间上是变化的。这样的变化可能是微小的，如在一组近似平行的接头的取向的情况下，或者如果特定属性具有实质性的变化，则它们可能是大的。重要的是要注意，空间变异性可以但不一定意味着随机的潜在机制;空间变异性可能只是
Rock joint system models represent a relatively recent development in the characterization of rock mass geometry. It is the intent of this paper to describe currently available models on the basis of the models' geological, geometric, and rock mechanics implications. In this manner the reader will not only see innovative developments but will also be provided with a review of many currently available geometric rock characterization techniques.Geometric and mechanical characterization of rock joints is the basis for most of the work of engineering geologists, civil and mining engineers when dealing with rock masses. Also, such a characterization plays an important role in investigations of joint genesis. However, the complete description of joints is difficult because of their three-dimensional nature and their limited exposure in outcrops, borings or tunnels. An ideal characterization of jointing would involve the specific description of each joint in the rock mass, exactly defining its geometric and mechanical properties. This is not possible for a number of reasons: 1) the visible parts of joints are limited, for instance to joint traces only, and thus prevent complete observation; 2) joints at a distance from the exposed rock surfaces cannot be directly observed; 3) direct (visual or contact measurements) and indirect (geophysical) observations have limited accuracies. For these reasons joints in a rock mass are usually described as an assemblage rather than individually. The assemblage has stochastic character in that joint characteristics vary in space. Such variations may be minute as in the case of the orientation of a set of approximately parallel joints or they may be large if a particular property has substantial variability. It is important to note that spatial variability can but does not have to imply random underlying mechanisms; spatial variability may just as