The nature of phoneme representation in spoken word recognition
The nature of phoneme representation in spoken word recognition
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.137.2.282
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Cleland, Alexandra A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaskell, M. Gareth;Quinlan, Philip T.;Cleland, Alexandra A.
四个实验使用心理不应期逻辑来检验多源音素信息的整合是否具有决定轨迹。所有实验均采用双重任务范式，即受试者在不同的刺激开始时间做出强制选择颜色分类(任务1)和音素分类(任务2)的决定。在实验1中，任务2的难度被使用含有与最终辅音匹配或不匹配的协同发音线索的单词来操纵。结果表明，难度和声头不同步以加性不足的方式结合在一起，这表明音素不匹配在中央决定瓶颈之前得到了解决。实验2在使用非单词的情况下也发现了类似的结果。在实验3中，任务难度的操作涉及词汇状态，这再次揭示了反应时的低加性模式。最后，实验4比较了这个瓶颈前变量和一个决定变量：反应键偏差。后者表现为反应的相加模式。实验结果表明，语音歧义消解可以在短时间内利用认知松弛时间，说明语音整合发生在口语词汇识别的早期阶段。
Four experiments used the psychological refractory period logic to examine whether integration of multiple sources of phonemic information has a decisional locus. All experiments made use of a dual-task paradigm in which participants made forced-choice color categorization (Task 1) and phoneme categorization (Task 2) decisions at varying stimulus onset asynchronies. In Experiment 1, Task 2 difficulty was manipulated using words containing matching or mismatching coarticulatory cues to the final consonant. The results showed that difficulty and onset asynchrony combined in an underadditive way, suggesting that the phonemic mismatch was resolved prior to a central decisional bottleneck. Similar results were found in Experiment 2 using nonwords. In Experiment 3, the manipulation of task difficulty involved lexical status, which once again revealed an underadditive pattern of response times. Finally, Experiment 4 compared this prebottleneck variable with a decisional variable: response key bias. The latter showed an additive pattern of responses. The experiments show that resolution of phonemic ambiguity can take advantage of cognitive slack time at short asynchronies, indicating that phonemic integration takes place at a relatively early stage of spoken word recognition.