Occurrence, fluxes and sources of perfluoroalkyl substances with isomer analysis in the snow of northern China.
Occurrence, fluxes and sources of perfluoroalkyl substances with isomer analysis in the snow of northern China.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.074
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Guoqiang Shan;Xinwei Chen;Lingyan Zhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guoqiang Shan;Xinwei Chen;Lingyan Zhu
本研究对2013年中国北方19个城市新鲜雪样品中的全氟烷基物质（PFASs）以及全氟辛酸盐（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸盐（PFOS）的异构体进行了分析。雪样中总PFASs含量为33.5 ~ 229 ng/L，说明华北地区大气PFASs污染较重。PFOA （9.08-107 ng/L）、PFOS （3.52-54.3 ng/L）、全氟庚酸（PFHpA） （3.66-44.8 ng/L）和全氟己酸（PFHxA） （3.21-23.6 ng/L）占总PFASs的82%。与PFASs相关的颗粒物（pm）占雪中PFASs总量的21.5-56.2%，表明pm对空气中PFASs的运输和沉积至关重要。PFASs在PM和溶解相之间的分配取决于碳链长度和端官能团。积雪中PFOA和PFOS的异构体特征与历史3 M电化学氟化（ECF）产品的特征一致，表明中国仍在生产和使用ECF产品。进一步的来源分析表明，城市空气中全氟辛烷磺酸主要是直接释放而不是前体降解。
In this study, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the isomers of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were analyzed in fresh snow samples collected from 19 cities in northern China, 2013. The levels of total PFASs in the snow samples were 33.5–229 ng/L, suggesting heavy atmospheric pollution of PFASs in northern China. PFOA (9.08–107 ng/L), PFOS (3.52–54.3 ng/L), perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA) (3.66–44.8 ng/L), and perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA) (3.21–23.6 ng/L) were predominant with a summed contribution of 82% to the total PFASs. The particulate matters (PMs) associated PFASs contributed 21.5–56.2% to the total PFASs in the snow, suggesting PMs are vital for the transport and deposition of airborne PFASs. Partitioning of PFASs between PM and dissolved phases was dependent on the carbon chain length and end functional groups. Isomer profiles of PFOA and PFOS in the snow were in agreement with the signature of the historical 3 M electrochemical fluorination (ECF) products, suggesting that the ECF products were still produced and used in China. Further source analysis showed that the airborne PFASs in urban area were mainly due to direct release rather than degradation of their precursors.