Identification and metabolic transformations of carotenoids in ocular tissues of the japanese quail Coturnix japonica
Identification and metabolic transformations of carotenoids in ocular tissues of the japanese quail Coturnix japonica
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DOI：
10.1021/bi700558f
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发表时间：
2007-08-07
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Bernstein, Paul S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhosale, Prakash;Serban, Bogdan;Bernstein, Paul S.
与人类和猴子一样，在日本人的视网膜中发现大量叶黄素 [(3R,3'R,6'R)-β,ε-胡萝卜素-3,3'-二醇] 和玉米黄质 [(3R,3'R)-β,β-胡萝卜素-3,3'-二醇和 (3R,3'S-内消旋)-β,β-胡萝卜素-3,3'-二醇的混合物]鹌鹑 鹌鹑。这使得鹌鹑视网膜成为研究这些重要黄斑类胡萝卜素代谢转化的优秀非灵长类小动物模型，这些类胡萝卜素被认为在防止光诱导的氧化损伤（例如年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）中发现的氧化损伤）中发挥着不可或缺的作用。在这项研究中，我们首先使用 C30 HPLC 结合在线质谱和光电二极管阵列检测器鉴定了鹌鹑视网膜中存在的类胡萝卜素阵列。除了膳食叶黄素 (2.1%) 和玉米黄质 (11.8%) 外，我们还发现了阿多红素 (5.4%)、3'-草黄素 (3.8%)、内消旋玉米黄质 (3.0%)、虾青素 (28.2%)、没食子黄素 (12.2%)、ε、ε-胡萝卜素 (18.5%) 和β-apo-2'-胡萝卜素（9.5%）是主要的眼部类胡萝卜素。接下来，我们使用氘标记的叶黄素和玉米黄质作为膳食补充剂，研究这两种眼色素在血清和眼组织中的药代动力学和代谢转化。然后，我们使用 HPLC 耦合质谱法和非侵入性共振拉曼光谱法检测并定量眼组织中标记的类胡萝卜素。结果表明，膳食玉米黄质是 3'-氧黄素、β-apo-2'-胡萝卜素、阿多红素、虾青素、没食子黄质和 ε-胡萝卜素的前体，而膳食叶黄素是内消旋玉米黄质的前体。研究还表明，类胡萝卜素的摄取、吸收以及从血清转运至眼组织的药代动力学模式与大多数人类临床研究中观察到的结果相似。
As in humans and monkeys, lutein [(3R,3'R,6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3'-diol] and zeaxanthin [a mixture of (3R,3'R)-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'diol and (3R,3'S-meso)-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol] are found in substantial amounts in the retina of the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica. This makes the quail retina an excellent nonprimate small animal model for studying the metabolic transformations of these important macular carotenoids that are thought to play an integral role in protection against light-induced oxidative damage such as that found in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study, we first identified the array of carotenoids present in the quail retina using C30 HPLC coupled with in-line mass spectral and photodiode array detectors. In addition to dietary lutein (2.1%) and zeaxanthin (11.8%), we identified adonirubin (5.4%), 3'-oxolutein (3.8%), meso-zeaxanthin (3.0%), astaxanthin (28.2%), galloxanthin (12.2%), epsilon,epsilon-carotene (18.5%), and beta-apo-2'-carotenol (9.5%) as major ocular carotenoids. We next used deuterium-labeled lutein and zeaxanthin as dietary supplements to study the pharmacokinetics and metabolic transformations of these two ocular pigments in serum and ocular tissues. We then detected and quantitated labeled carotenoids in ocular tissue using both HPLC-coupled mass spectrometry and noninvasive resonance Raman spectroscopy. Results indicated that dietary zeaxanthin is the precursor of 3'-oxolutein, beta-apo-2'-carotenol, adonirubin, astaxanthin, galloxanthin, and epsilon,epsilon-carotene, whereas dietary lutein is the precursor for meso-zeaxanthin. Studies also revealed that the pharmacokinetic patterns of uptake, carotenoid absorption, and transport from serum into ocular tissues were similar to results observed in most human clinical studies.